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  1. We present a minimal skin wound abdominal hysterectomy for patients with leiomyomas and describe the characteristics of this technique. The skin wound was made as small as possible, with a maximum length of 6 cm.

    Authors: Wataru Isono and Masanori Maruyama
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:128
  2. A significant portion of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at high risk of developing intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired swallowing dysfunction (neurogenic dysphagia) as a co...

    Authors: Marianna Traugott, Wolfgang Hoepler, Reinhard Kitzberger, Sophie Pavlata, Tamara Seitz, Sebastian Baumgartner, Gudrun Placher-Sorko, Daniela Pirker-Krassnig, Urs Ehehalt, Andreas Grasnek, Michaela Beham-Kacerovsky, Emanuela Friese, Christoph Wenisch and Stephanie Neuhold
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:148
  3. Anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) antibody is a marker for predicting cancer association in patients with dermatomyositis (DM). The overall survival rate in DM patients with cancer was r...

    Authors: Ryohei Ono, Tomohiro Kumagae, Mari Igasaki, Takaaki Murata, Masaki Yoshizawa and Izumi Kitagawa
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:142
  4. Abdominal pregnancy accounts for 0.6 to 4% of all ectopic pregnancies. Due to delays in diagnosis and difficulties in the management of abdominal pregnancy, the risk of mortality is significantly higher than f...

    Authors: Abraham Fessehaye, Biruck Gashawbeza, Mekdes Daba, Muhudin Arusi and Tsega Terefe
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:127
  5. We report a case of pulmonary edema induced by tocolytic agents that was successfully managed with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) and resulted in extended gestation.

    Authors: Kotaro Takahashi, Koji Nishijima, Masayuki Yamaguchi, Kensuke Matsumoto, Shunya Sugai and Takayuki Enomoto
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:126
  6. Previous studies have shown that patients who underwent renal transplantation were at a greater risk of developing malignancies. Due to advances in effective surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapies...

    Authors: Szabolcs Bellyei, Árpád Boronkai, Eva Pozsgai, Dávid Fodor and László Mangel
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:125
  7. There are limited data on cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy, and there are only a few case reports on coronavirus disease 2019 related cardiomyopathy in pregnancy. Different...

    Authors: Rahim Nejadrahim, Sara Khademolhosseini, Hadiseh Kavandi and Reza Hajizadeh
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:143
  8. May–Thurner syndrome is an anatomical condition characterized by compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, causing venous outflow obstruction. It is an uncommon cause of deep ...

    Authors: Joel Hng, Shu Su and Noel Atkinson
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:141

    The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:571

  9. Increasingly widespread use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treatment of a variety of progressive malignancies continues to reveal a range of immune-related ad...

    Authors: Jacobi Hines, Ellen Daily, Anh Khoa Pham, Christopher R. Shea, Urooba Nadeem, Aliya N. Husain, Walter M. Stadler and Pankti Reid
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:124
  10. Rectal signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by an aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. The co-occurrence of colorectal carcinoma and renal cell car...

    Authors: Blagica Krsteska, Rubens Jovanovic, Aleksandar Eftimov, Boro Ilievski, Dragan Hadzi-Mancev, Bujar Osmani and Slavica Kostadinova-Kunovska
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:123
  11. Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system, brain being the most frequent site. Intramedullary location of cysticercus is a rarely described entity in literature. W...

    Authors: Durjoy Lahiri, Abhishek Chowdhury, Souvik Dubey and Biman Kanti Ray
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:139
  12. Gamma heavy chain disease (γ-HCD) is a monoclonal gammopathy defined by an abnormal clonal and isolated production of incomplete heavy chain gamma (γ), unable to bind with light chains kappa or lambda. This di...

    Authors: Gwenvaël Danic, Thomas Dejoie, Hélène Caillon, Aurélie Achille, Pierre Pottier and Christian Agard
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:121
  13. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare, life-threatening condition that can present as a spectrum of nonspecific symptoms, ranging from cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis to severe hypoxemic respiratory failu...

    Authors: Yumin Jo, Jagyung Hwang, Jieun Lee, Hansol Kang and Boohwi Hong
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:137
  14. Corneal refractive surgeries cause epithelial damage and induce wound healing processes. To promote wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy, the effectiveness of an autologous platelet tissue graft was...

    Authors: Yoshinori Takayanagi, Shigeaki Kato and Masaru Okada
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:122
  15. Shulman’s disease, or eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), is a rare autoimmune disease, characterized by sclerodermic skin lesions with progressive induration and thickening of the soft tissues. Chronic graft-versus-...

    Authors: Thomas Chalopin, Nicolas Vallet, Marion Morel, Raphael Maguet, Louis d’Alteroche, Gonzague de Pinieux, Olivier Hérault, Emmanuel Gyan, Laurent Sutton and Alban Villate
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:135
  16. Darier–Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma (DFS) is a rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm characterized by local aggressiveness, high risk of recurrence, and low metastatic potential.

    Authors: A. Triki, M. Aloui, M. Ghalleb, I. Jbir, Ben Naceur, J. Ben Hassouna, R. Chargui and K. Rahal
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:120
  17. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin. It is associated with advanced age, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. It has a predilection for th...

    Authors: Alex F. Grubb and Elizabeth Hankollari
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:118
  18. Locked twins is a rare and hazardous obstetric complication, which occurs in approximately 1:1000 twin pregnancies. One of the known etiologic factors for locked twins is size of the twins. We report a case of...

    Authors: Abraham Fessehaye, Ferid A. Abubeker and Mekdes Daba
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:115

    The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:502

  19. Thyroid papillary carcinoma is one of the most common endocrine tumors, and it accounts for 85% of thyroid tumors. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome is a rare disease. In this c...

    Authors: Mashallah Tabatabaizadeh, Sara Hasibi Taheri, Mohammad Eydi and Mohammad Shayestehpour
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:113
  20. Hypermagnesemia can be a fatal condition and should be diagnosed early on. Most reports of hypermagnesemia have been of adults with impaired renal function. We describe the case of a pediatric patient without ...

    Authors: Kotaro Araki, Yuhei Kawashima, Miyuki Magota and Norio Shishida
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:129
  21. Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is very rare. A few studies have reported the pathogenic role of 5p in CDH.

    Authors: Noriyuki Nakamura, Takafumi Ushida, Yoshinori Moriyama, Kenji Imai, Tomoko Nakano-Kobayashi, Satoko Osuka, Maki Goto, Hiroaki Kajiyama, Hideyuki Asada, Masahiro Hayakawa and Tomomi Kotani
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:114
  22. Isolated basilar artery dissection (IBAD) is a rare but important cause of ischemic stroke. Anti-thrombotic therapy is often used to treat IBAD-related ischemic stroke, but selected cases might need more aggre...

    Authors: Toshiaki Goda, Naoki Oyama, Takanori Iwamoto, Hiroki Takai, Shunji Matsubara, Masaaki Uno and Yoshiki Yagita
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:119
  23. Oxalate nephropathy is a rare disorder that can result in acute kidney injury (AKI) and progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The causes can be either primary or secondary. Primary hyperoxaluria inclu...

    Authors: Tala Mahmoud, Elias C. Ghandour and Bernard G. Jaar
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:106
  24. T cell-mediated eosinophilia is associated with numerous conditions—including atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and asthma—collectively known as the “atopic march.” Benralizumab is a recombinant, humanized, a...

    Authors: David N. Pham
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:103
  25. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive form of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma which historically has a poor prognosis. When relapse occurs, particularly in the cereb...

    Authors: Amanda E. Lipsitt, Jaclyn Y. Hung and Anne-Marie Langevin
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:102
  26. Perforation of the cornea is a rare finding in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Addressing a perforated cornea associated with RA is challenging, since its pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. Topical...

    Authors: Simona Delia Nicoară and Ioana Damian
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:116
  27. Aplasia cutis congenita is regarded as congenital focal absence of skin in the newborn, and occurrence of more than three similar skin defects is rare. The etiology is thought to be multifactorial, and precise...

    Authors: V. Thadchanamoorthy, Kavinda Dayasiri, M. Thirukumar, N. Thamilvannan and S. H. Chandraratne
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:110
  28. Breast tuberculosis, also known as tuberculous mastitis, is an extremely rare form of tuberculosis. It accounts for <0.1% of all breast diseases and <2% of all cases of tuberculosis. It is often misdiagnosed a...

    Authors: Yuka Sagara, Shuji Hatakeyama, Ayako Kumabe, Masako Sakuragi and Masami Matsumura
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:101
  29. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can lead to a constellation of viral and immune symptoms called coronavirus disease 2019. Emerging literature increasingly supports the premise that se...

    Authors: Artem Minalyan, Franklin L. Thelmo, Vincent Chan, Stephanie Tzarnas and Faizan Ahmed
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:112
  30. Most sudden-onset hearing loss is due to otolaryngologic- and very rarely to cerebrovascular disease. We report a woman with sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This case suggests that even in the abs...

    Authors: Tomoya Kinouchi, Keisuke Ishitani, Shinichi Uyama, Tadashi Miyamoto, Naomi Fujimoto and Hiromi Ueta
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:111
  31. Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare entity which refers to the presence of gas within the wall of the small bowel or colon which is a radiographic sign. The etiology and clinical presentation are variable....

    Authors: M. C. Martín-Soberón, S. Ruiz, G. De Velasco, R. Yarza, A. Carretero, D. Castellano and J. M. Sepúlveda-Sánchez
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:109
  32. Dermoid cysts are well-known lesions that manifest as subcutaneous tumors around the lateral sides of the eyebrows in young patients. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often performed ...

    Authors: Taro Mikami, Chie Maeda, Fumihiko Aoki, Toshinori Iwai, Yuichiro Yabuki, Tetsuhiko Okabe, Kenichi Ohashi and Jiro Maegawa
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:99
  33. Pregnancy seems to increase the risk of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) relapses and make the TTP more severe in any of the pregnancy trimesters, or even during the postpartum period.

    Authors: Soheila Aminimoghaddam, Narjes Afrooz, Setare Nasiri, Ozra Motaghi Nejad and Fatemeh Mahmoudzadeh
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:104
  34. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by hyperinflammation and life-threatening cytopenias. Survival is poor, and management is pivotal on rapid identification of the disease. HLH is associ...

    Authors: Y. Sun, C. Blieden, B. Y. Merritt, R. Sosa and Gustavo Rivero
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:98
  35. Lichen planus is a rare autoimmune disease primarily affecting the skin and mucous membranes of the oral mucosa, vulva, and vagina. Diagnosis is difficult and often delayed as the clinicians do not associate t...

    Authors: Lajya Devi Goyal, Priyanka Garg and Manmeet Kaur
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:97
  36. We report a high-risk case of a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-positive patient with comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hypothyroidism and chronic kidney disease (CKD), trea...

    Authors: Alka Mishra, Sumitra A. Bentur, Sonika Thakral, Rahul Garg and Bhanu Duggal
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:95
  37. Arthritis is rarely reported as a paraneoplastic manifestation of occult malignancy. We report herein two cases of paraneoplastic arthritis due to occult malignancy.

    Authors: Benjamin Sachdev Manjit Singh, Sharifah Aishah Wan, Yaw Kiet Cheong, Seow Lin Chuah, Cheng Lay Teh and Ahmad Tirmizi Jobli
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:94
  38. Current management of choledocholithiasis entails the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and clearance of the common bile duct. A rare complication of this procedure is the impaction ...

    Authors: Ibrahim Abu Shakra, Maxim Bez, Amitai Bickel, Mahran Badran, Fahed Merei, Samer Ganam, Walid Kassis and Eli Kakiashvili
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:93
  39. The risk of stroke after carotid sinus massage is greater if there is preexisting carotid stenosis or carotid plaques. We present the case of a patient with underlying 40% carotid stenosis, who developed a wat...

    Authors: Edgar R. Lopez-Navarro, Götz Greif, Carl-Albrecht Haensch, Adrian Ringelstein and Robert Larbig
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:83
  40. The double-duct sign is defined as dilation of both the common bile duct and pancreatic duct, which usually indicates pancreatic malignancy. However, benign causes have also been reported to cause a double-duc...

    Authors: Naseem Al-Khoury, Okbah Mohamad, Abd Al-Jawad Mazloum and Maher Madi
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:82
  41. An infected aortic aneurysm is a rare and life-threatening vascular condition with a high incidence of arterial rupture and recurrence even after treatment. One of the most common causes of an infected aortic ...

    Authors: Kiyoshi Takemoto, Michitaka Nakamura, Masaaki Sakuraya, Tomonori Yamamoto, Wataru Iwanaga, Kazuaki Atagi, Kazuo Yamanaka and Takeshi Matsuyama
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:81
  42. Breast tuberculosis is a rare disease, even in endemic areas. The diagnosis can be challenging, as it can mimic breast cancer. We aim to report our experience and discuss diagnoses and management modalities.

    Authors: M. Ghalleb, S. Seghaier, O. Adouni, H. Bouaziz, A. Bouida, J. Ben Hassouna, R. Chargui and K. Rahal
    Citation: Journal of Medical Case Reports 2021 15:73

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