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Acute presentations of acquired exotropia or divergent alignment of either or both eyes are commonly observed following intracranial vascular events, trauma, orbital, and endoscopic sinus surgeries.
Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that forms spores and the neurotoxin botulinum. It is best known for its toxin-induced flaccid paralytic disease, which is deadly without...
We report a case of prenatal coronavirus disease 2019, which evolved 6 days after birth into severe pneumonia with signs of multiple organ failure, in a mother with asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019.
Hypercalcemia of malignancy, as a paraneoplastic syndrome, is the most common metabolic disorder that accounts for 30% of malignancies and usually has a poor prognosis. Neuroendocrine tumors are uncommon and a...
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare small vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting upper and lower respiratory tract and kidneys. Unilateral diaphragmatic palsy could be a rare manifestation of G...
Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare event in post-liver-transplantation recipients. In the present report, we described a case of extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, M4/M5 subtype, following orthotopic liver tran...
Bariatric surgery candidates commonly suffer from conditions that constitute the metabolic syndrome. But they also have a higher risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. Obesity-associated comorbidities asi...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized therapy of advanced and metastatic cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors or develop resistance. ...
Prostate cancer has been well known to have a high prevalence among middle-aged and older men, with high incidence of metastases to the bone—the main metastatic site. However, prostate cancer among those less ...
Intrauterine devices are a widely used method of contraception worldwide. These devices are reliable, cost-effective, long-acting, and reversible. Their placement in the uterus is usually simple and safe. Forg...
Since the identification of multiple therapeutic targets, as is the case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation, the paradigm of treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has improve...
There is some evidence supporting the idea that double parathyroid adenomas represent a different entity from multiglandular hyperplasia; however, the distinction among them is not straightforward.
There could be misdiagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 for malaria and vice versa because of their similar presentations, particularly when clinicians rely mainly on symptoms for diagnosis. Coinfection with c...
Mediastinal Liposarcoma (ML) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all liposarcomas. Surgical resection is the most effective therapeutic modality, while adjuvant radiation therapy ma...
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign neoplasm with a broad spectrum of presentations. The treatment of FD in the hip region is controversial among orthopedic surgeons. Several treatment options exist, including ...
Wolman disease is a rare disease caused by the absence of functional liposomal acid lipase due to mutations in LIPA gene. It presents with organomegaly, malabsorption, and adrenal calcifications. The presentation...
A spontaneous rupture of an omental vessel can cause severe intraabdominal hemorrhage. We present a case of idiopathic omental hemorrhage caused by a vascular malformation. The literature is systematically rev...
Deep neck space infections are uncommon in infants. Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is a deep space neck infection that can present with subtle signs and symptoms. Delay in diagnosis can lead to life-threatening...
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and small and medium-sized blood vessel destruction leading to r...
Intestinal Malrotation is congenital that complicates 1 in every 200 births. It results from abnormal fixation and rotation of the gut tube during fetal development. It is usually asymptomatic and most cases a...
Chest X-ray offers high sensitivity and acceptable specificity as a tuberculosis screening tool, but in areas with a high burden of tuberculosis, there is often a lack of radiological expertise to interpret ch...
Urinary bladder masses in children are extremely rare. Certain benign conditions (e.g., ureterocele) can mimic malignant bladder masses. In this report, we present a unique case of a urachal cyst masquerading ...
The Warburg effect is a rare condition in tumor biology, illustrated by significant lactate production in the presence of oxygen. The Warburg effect is associated with very poor prognosis in patients with mali...
Melioidosis is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei which affects humans and animals. It results in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, mainly in the respiratory tract, prog...
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), defined by thrombotic events or obstetric complications in the presence of persistently high antiphospholipid antibodies, is characterized by a wide variety of clinical present...
Gorham–Stout disease is a rare condition with fewer than 400 reported cases in the literature. The presentation of Gorham–Stout disease varies on the basis of location, extent, fracture, and accompanying sympt...
A lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas is a rare benign lesion that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively and challenging in distinguishing from potentially malignant cystic pancreatic neoplasms. A diagnost...
The purpose of this study is to describe a patient who experienced simultaneous central retinal vein and cilioretinal artery occlusions, as well as perifoveal hemorrhage in the Henle fiber.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by progressive accumulation of the alveolar surfactant. Whole lung lavage (WLL) using a high volume of warmed saline remains the standard th...
Uterine fibroids incarcerated in abdominal wall hernias during pregnancy are rare, with only six cases reported in umbilical hernias. This case report presents the first reported case of an incarcerated uterin...
At the time of benign gynecological surgery, a prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy or salpingectomy is increasingly being performed concurrently to reduce the risk of future ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. W...
Nitrous oxide is a medical and household gas that has seen its use drift to recreational purpose among the young population in recent years. Significant neurological, hematological and psychiatric side effects...
Polyagglutinability of red blood cells is a rare immunological phenomenon, it is due to a cryptic antigen that is abnormally present on the surface of red blood cells. The aim of our work is to shed light on p...
Hydrocele, an abnormal fluid collection between parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis, is the commonest cause of scrotal swelling, and it affects all age groups. Calcification of hydrocele sac/w...
Calcified chronic subdural hematoma is a rare and infrequent diagnosis made in clinical practice according to the literature. Calcification of chronic subdural hematoma is found more frequently in children and...
Air rifle injuries can cause significant vascular injuries. This air rifle injury has resulted in a penetrating neck trauma traversing the common carotid artery. There is debate around the need for radiologica...
Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common variant of systemic venous drainage. In the absence of the right superior vena cava (RSVC), implantation of a right ventricular pacing lead may be ...
Necrotizing fasciitis is an aggressive disease that causes necrosis in the muscular fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The infection spreads rapidly along the fascia and perifascial planes, followed by extension...
Endomyocardial fibrosis is a grim disease. It is the most common restrictive cardiomyopathy worldwide, but the exact etiology and pathogenesis both remain unknown. Endomyocardial fibrosis is recurrently associ...
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS), also known as Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare disease that mainly presents as intestinal obstruction with a variable incidence ranging from 0.013 to 0.3% (Salehzadeh et...
Ureteral metastasis from gastric cancers are rare and can be a cause of ureteral obstruction. There have been few published case reports in the literature. In this paper, we report an additional case and a rev...
There is a high prevalence of somatoform disorders and medically unexplained symptoms. When it comes to deciding whether a patient is able to work, it is essential to differentiate a somatoform disorder from a...
The incidence of acute liver failure from herpes simplex virus is rare.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can have cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Lupus panniculitis, also known as lupus mastitis, is a subset of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus...
Leishmaniasis is a rare infectious disease observed in subtropical and tropical areas. This disease that demonstrates different clinical characteristics is caused by intracellular Leishmania protozoan. One of the...
Nocardia are aerobic Gram-positive bacilli that can invade multiple organ systems, including the brain and lungs. It is most frequently found in patients who are immunocompromised. Invasive nocardial disease is a...
Metanephric adenoma is a rare benign renal tumor of the kidney, uncommonly observed in children. It is often misdiagnosed preoperatively as a malignant neoplasm, leading to an unnecessary nephrectomy. The chal...
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a rare complication of prothrombotic states such as neoplasms that can cause valvular dysfunction and life-threatening complications. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditi...
Acromegaly can be diagnosed by a growth hormone value ≥ 1 µg/L following an oral glucose tolerance test. However, normal growth hormone suppression following oral glucose tolerance test may not exclude acromeg...
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an inflammatory mycosis of the central nervous system caused by meninge infection or brain parenchyma with Cryptococcus species. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality,...
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Journal of Medical Case Reports