Table 1 Characteristics of previous reports describing post molar choriocarcinoma with renal metastasis
Number | Report (year) | Age (years) | Clinical manifestation | Childbearing history | Hydatiform mole treatment | Interval | Primary uterine tumor | Site of metastasis | Surgical treatment | Chemotherapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kutcher et al. [8] 1977 | 29 | Hematuria | Hydatiform mole | Spontaneous abortion Chemotherapy | 1 year | 1.5 cm choriocarcinoma nodule within the myometrium | Unilateral kidney Lung Liver pelvis | Hysterectomy | Regimen not reported |
2 | Thanikasalam et al. [9] (1991) | 52 | Hemoptysis Dyspnea Chest pain | Gravida 11 Para 11 Hydatiform mole | Hysterectomy Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | 2 years and 9 months | – | Unilateral kidney Lung Liver | – | Five courses of triple regimen: Methotrexate Actinomycin Etoposide |
3 | Ikeda et al. [10] (1996) | 34 | Gross hematuria Loin pain Fever | Hydatiform mole | Dilatation and suction evacuation | 2 years | Without primary tumor | Unilateral kidney Lung | Nephrectomy Total hysterectomy | Seven courses of EMA-CO regimen |
4 | Karadeniz et al. [5] (2011) | 50 | Weakness Right lumbar pain Painless total hematuria Weight loss | Term pregnancy Menopause | Hysterectomy Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | 5 years | – | Bilateral kidneys Lung Liver Spleen | Unilateral transperitoneal radical nephrectomy | Methotrexate-based chemotherapy |
5 | Yen et al. [11] (2019) | 50 | Headache Dyspnea Hemoptysis | Gravida 1, para 1 Menopause Hydatiform mole | Hysterectomy | 10 years | – | Bilateral kidneys Lung Brain Liver Duodenum Urinary bladder | - | One course of BEP Omitting bleomycin owing to poor pulmonary function Three courses of cisplatin and etoposide Initiation of EMA-CO regimen owing to residual tumor and elevated β-hCG |
6 | Pietrus et al. [3] (2021) | 37 | Lumbar pain Hematuria Hemoptysis Fever Skin lesion Temporary vision loss | Miscarriage Hydatiform mole | Hysterectomy Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | 6 years | – | Bilateral kidneys Lung Skin Brain | – | Induction phase: EP Continuation and consolidation phase: EMA-CO for 12 months Including TP owing to chemotherapy resistance after 12 months |
7 | Mustafa et al. [12] (2021) | 33 | Loss of consciousness Left pupil fixed dilation Vaginal bleeding | Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage Hydatiform mole | Not reported | Not reported | A well-defined mass located at the anterior wall of the uterus | Unilateral kidney Brain Pleura Ovary with invasion to the bladder Small intestines | Brain hematoma evacuation Hysterectomy Bilateral oophorectomy Unilateral radical nephrectomy Small intestinal metastasis excision | Regimen not reported |
8 | Zribi et al. [13] (2021) | 52 | Headache One episode of seizure | Menopause Hydatiform mole | Dilatation and suction evacuation | 8 years | Without primary tumor | Unilateral kidney Brain Spleen Lung | Whole brain radiotherapy Splenic artery embolization | Induction phase: etoposide and cisplatin Continuation and consolidation phase: EMA-CO |
9 | Pahwa et al. [14] (2023) | 29 | Abdominal pain | Hydatiform mole | Dilatation and curettage | 10 years | Without primary tumor | Unilateral kidney lung | Segmentectomy of lung lesion Radical nephrectomy | EMA-CO regimen |