Expression analysis of zinc-metabolizing enzymes in the saliva as a new method of evaluating zinc content in the body: two case reports and a review of the literature

Table 1 ALP isoform

Gene	Protein	Isoforms	Localization	Functions
ALPL	ALP, tissue-nonspecific isozymes (TNAP)	Bone-specific TNAP	Skeletal tissue, kidney, and other cell types	Skeletal mineralization Vitamin B₆ metabolism
ALPL		Liver-specific TNAP	Liver	Unknown
ALPI	ALP, intestinal-type (IAP)	Unknown	Mainly duodenum	Involved in fat absorption Detoxification of LPS Regulation of intestinal microbiota
ALPP	ALP, placental-type (PALP)	Unknown	Syncytiophoblasts Several tumors	Tumor marker Detoxification of bacterial toxins
ALPPL2	ALP, placental-like	Unknown	Testis, malignant trophoblasts Testicular cancer	Unknown

ALP: alkaline phosphatase, TNAP: tissue-nonspecific isozymes, IAP: ALP, intestinal-type, PALP: ALP, placental-type, LPS: lipopolysaccharide

ISSN: 1752-1947