Fig. 2

Preoperative images obtained prior to redo lumbar decompression and fusion surgery, ~ 80 months after diagnosis of TM and 30 months after removal of segmental instrumentation. a T2-weighted sagittal MRI of the lumbar spine demonstrating severe spinal stenosis at L4–L5 and L5–S1 (arrows) with near-total occlusion of the thecal sac. b Flexion lumbar radiograph showing loss of L4–L5 apposition without spondylolisthesis (arrow). c Extension lumbar radiograph showing improved alignment. d T2-weighted axial MRI of the L4–L5 disc space (bracket), demonstrating severe spinal stenosis