Table 1 Summarized data of reported gallbladder angiosarcomas
Reported Cases | Age | Sex | Clinical presentation | Radiological findings | Pathology | Metastasis | Treatment | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rosansky and Mullens [8] | 59 | M | Abdominal pain and palpable abdominal mass, hepatorenal syndrome without cirrhosis | Gallbladder mass and cholelithiasis in US | Angiosarcoma | yes | Refused Treatment | Died after 28 days of hospitalization (hepatorenal syndrome, renal failure) |
Kawai et al. [20] | 73 | M | Abdominal pain and palpable abdominal mass | Gallbladder mass and cholelithiasis in US | Angiosarcoma | yes | Cholecystectomy | Died 4 months after cholecystectomy (cause of death not stated) |
Kumar et al. [14] | 56 | M | Palpable abdominal mass | Gallbladder mass and cholelithiasis in US | Epithelioid angiosarcoma | Infiltration of gallbladder mass into the pylorus and omentum | Cholecystectomy with distal partial gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy | Died 5 months after cholecystectomy (multiple metastases) |
Kumar et al. [14] | 54 | M | Palpable abdominal mass | Gallbladder mass and cholelithiasis in US | A squamous cell carcinomaand angiosarcoma | No | Cholecystectomy with wedge resection of the liver combined with a regional lymphadenectomy | Alive 5 years after cholecystectomy |
White and Chan [11] | 81 | F | Abdominal pain and palpable abdominal mass, Fever, Anemia | Gallbladder mass and cholelithiasis in US | Epithelioid angiosarcomas | Peritoneal lesions | Cholecystectomy | Died 2 weeks after cholecystectomy (sepsis) |
Costantini et al. [9] | 57 | M | Weakness, Melena, Rectal Bleeding, weight loss, Anemia | Gross echogenic formations and areas of hyper echogenicity caused by lithiasis and thin gallbladder walls in US, CT revealed gross dilation of the gallbladder | A necrotic hemorrhagic appearance. Marked transmural infiltration in gallbladder, epithelioid angiosarcoma, positive factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, and vimentin, negative for epithelial membrane antigen, keratin, CD34, CD117 and S 100 | No | Open Cholecystectomy, Secondary laparotomy in 4 months for resection of hepatic segment IV | Alive with no recurrence in 5 months follow-up |
Odashiro et al. [10] | 62 | F | Abdominal Pain and nausea and vomiting | Primary acute cholecystitis, Post-op CT of free intraperitoneal blood and amass at the former gallbladder fossa | Epithelial angiosarcoma, von Willebrand factor positive, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 negative | Liver, spleen, ovaries and peritoneal lesions | Open cholecystectomy, secondary laparotomy in 2 months due to hemoperitoneum | Died in 2 months due to hemoperitoneum and hemorrhagic shock |
Park et al. [15] | 78 | F | Abdominal pain and Dizziness, Anemia | Primary gallbladder polyp in US, 3.5 cm polyp and focal low-density nodular lesions with pericholecystic infiltration in primary CT scan, an extremely distended and edematous gallbladder with a large hematoma in the lumen in the last CT scan | An intracystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) with focal adenocarcinoma and angiosarcoma, CD31 positive | No | Ultrasound-guided percutaneous gallbladder drainage followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Alive with no recurrence in 3 months follow-up |