Table 1 Pulmonary function tests during 36 months follow-up
Pulmonary function tests | Months of follow-up post-acute COVID-19 infection | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 36 | |
Spirometry | |||||||||
FVC [L] | |||||||||
Absolute value | 1.06a | 1.38a | 1.57a | 1.43a | 1.63a | – | 1.65a | – | 1.64a |
Predicted (%) | 39a | 51a | 59a | 53a | 62a | – | 62a | – | 62a |
FEV1 [L] | |||||||||
Absolute value | 0.92a | 1.13a | 1.24a | 1.14a | 1.30a | – | 1.35a | – | 1.32a |
Predicted (%) | 44a | 54a | 60a | 55a | 63a | – | 66a | – | 65a |
FEV1/FVC [%] | |||||||||
Absolute value | 87 | 81.7 | 79.5 | 79.9 | 79.9 | – | 82 | – | 80.5 |
Predicted (%) | 113 | 106 | 101 | 102 | 102 | – | 105 | – | 103 |
DLCO | |||||||||
DLCO [ml/min/mmHg] | |||||||||
Absolute value | 8.3a | 11.7a | 10.3a | 10.6a | 11.3a | – | 17.1 | – | 15.2 |
Predicted (%) | 41a | 58a | 51a | 52a | 56a | – | 85 | – | 76 |
DLCO/VA (KCO) [ml/min/mmHg] | |||||||||
Absolute value | 4.52 | 4.32 | 4.24 | 4.84 | 4.73 | – | 4.45 | – | 4.87 |
Predicted (%) | 85 | 82 | 80 | 91 | 89 | – | 84 | – | 92 |
TLC sb [L] | |||||||||
Absolute value | 2 | 2.86 | 2.59a | 2.34a | 2.55a | – | 4 | – | 3.26 |
Predicted (%) | 51 | 72 | 65 | 59 | 65 | – | 101 | – | 83 |
6MWT | |||||||||
6-MWD (m) | 264 | 359 | 390 | – | 390 | – | 339 | – | 405 |
Performance (%) | 55 | 75 | 81 | – | 85 | – | 72 | – | 87 |
Basal SpO2 (%) | 93 | 97 | 97 | – | 95 | – | 97 | – | 98 |
Maximum desaturation | 82 | 92 | 92 | – | 95 | – | 91 | – | 94 |
MBW | |||||||||
FRC mb [L] | |||||||||
Absolute value | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.01a | 1.21a | 1.31a |
Predicted (%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 49a | 58a | 63a |
LCI | |||||||||
Absolute value | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.86a | 13.57a | 11.55a |
Predicted (%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 178a | 203a | 173a |
FOT | |||||||||
Rrs5 [cmH2O/(L/s)] | |||||||||
insp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 1.91a | 1.42 | 0.96 | 1.51 |
exp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 2.09a | 1.14 | 1.45 | 1.4 |
tot Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 2.01a | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.45 |
Xrs5 [cmH2O/(L/s)] | |||||||||
insp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | − 3.09a | − 3.01a | − 2.31a | 32.64a |
exp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | − 2.3a | − 2.19a | − 0.74 | − 2.25a |
tot Z score | – | – | – | – | – | − 2.67a | − 2.54a | − 1.37 | − 2.38a |
Rrs11 [cmH2O/(L/s)] | |||||||||
insp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 1.15 | 0.41 | 0.03 | – |
exp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 1.98a | 1.02 | 1.27 | 1 |
tot Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 1.65a | 0.78 | 0.85 | 1.3 |
Xrs11 [cmH2O/(L/s)] | |||||||||
insp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | − 3.05a | − 2.49a | − 2.19a | − 2.42a |
exp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | − 2.72a | − 2.59a | − 2.23a | − 2.5a |
tot Z score | – | – | – | – | – | − 2.88a | − 2.55a | − 2.22a | − 2.5a |
Rrs19 [cmH2O/(L/s)] | |||||||||
insp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 0.92 | − 0.04 | − 0.19 | 0.73 |
exp Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 1.72a | 0.71 | 1.27 | 1.03 |
tot Z score | – | – | – | – | – | 1.4 | 0.42 | 0.78 | 0.92 |
ΔXrs (M) | – | – | – | – | – | − 0.48 | − 0.49 | − 0.87 | − 0.23 |
R5-R19 insp (M) | – | – | – | – | – | 2.09 | 2.28 | 1.71 | – |
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing | |||||||||
Peak VO2, mL/min/kg | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16.2a |
Peak VO2, % predicted | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 56a |
AT, mL/min/kg | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14.5 |
AT, % predicted | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 54.5 |
Breathing reserve, % | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19.3 |
HRR, % | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | < 1 |
Peak heart rate, beats/min | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.4a |
Peak HR, % predicted | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 57.4a |
Peak O2 pulse, mL/beat | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35.7a |
Peak O2 pulse, % predicted | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 80.69a |
VE/VCO2 slope | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 162a |
VE/MVV, % | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 103.18a |
Peak HR, % predicted | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 57.4a |
Peak O2 pulse, mL/beat | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35.7a |
Peak O2 pulse, % predicted | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 80.69a |
VE/VCO2 slope | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 162a |
VE/MVV, % | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 103.18a |