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Table 3 Summary of the endocrine-related immune-related adverse events (irAE) frequency associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in various carcinomas (modified from refs. 3, 4)

From: Metachronous immune-related adverse events involving type 1 diabetes and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency associated with pembrolizumab monotherapy for metastatic head and neck cancer: a case report

Drug name

Frequency of endocrine-related irAEs (%)

Pituitary disorder

Hypothyroidism

Adrenal insufficiency

Type 1 diabetes

Anti PD-L1

Nivolumab

0 ~ 0.9

10

0 ~ 3.3

0.25

Pembrolizumab

0 ~ 1.2

10 ~ 20

0 ~ 4.3

Case reports exist