Fig. 3

Changes in VTCO₂,br, Enghoff’s dead space, EVLWI, CI, and the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio in each trial. A VTCO₂,br, B Enghoff’s dead space, C EVLWI, D CI, E PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio. T2 was measured at WLL completion after confirming the stability of vital signs before ICU admission. T3 was measured 12 h after ICU admission. After WLL, the patients were transferred to the ICU, where they were ventilated and deeply sedated with continuous infusion of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and fentanyl until T3 measurement. Noradrenaline was administered at a rate of 0.03 mcg/kg/min at T2 and T3 measurements only in Trial 2 of Case 1. In all trials, extubation was performed 18 h after WLL. VTCO₂,br CO₂ elimination per breath, EVLWI extravascular lung water index, CI cardiac index, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired concentration of oxygen, T2 time point 2, WLL whole lung lavage, ICU intensive care unit, T3 time point 3