Table 2 Infectious causes of HLH [7]

Viral infections

Epstein Barr virus and other herpesviruses

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Adenovirus

Dengue

Hantavirus

Cytomegalovirus

Hepatitis A/B/C viruses

Measles

Mumps

Rubella

Parvovirus B19

Enterovirus

Influenza virus

Bacterial infections

Staphylococcus aureus

Campylobacter spp.

Mycoplasma spp.

Chlamydia spp.

Legionella spp.

Salmonella typhi

Rickettsia spp.

Brucella spp.

Ehrlichia spp.

Borrelia burgdorferi

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Fungal infections

Candida spp.

Cryptococcus spp.

Pneumocystis spp.

Histoplasma spp.

Aspergillus spp.

Parasitic infections

Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium vivax

Toxoplasma spp.

Leishmania spp.

Strongyloides spp.