Table 2 Summary of eight cases of IBD using VDZ in the presence of opportunistic infections
Reference | Age | Gender | Years | IBD | Opportunistic infections | Other comorbidities | Activity of IBD before VDZ | Treatment of IBD before VDZ | Treatment of opportunistic infections | Status of opportunistic infections at VDZ initiation | Follow-up after VDZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Our case | 56 | M | 2022 | UC | Cryptococcal pneumonia CMV infection | History of Sweet's syndrome | Moderate exacerbation | PSL, AZA, and GMA | Fluconazole | under treatment (Cryptococcal pneumonia) | Remission |
11 | 57 | F | 2021 | CD | Cryptococcal pneumonia CMV infection | SLE | Existence of rectovaginal fistula | PSL, ADA, hydroxychloroquine, and transverse colostomy | Valganciclovir, amphotericin B and flucytosine | Cured by treatments | Remission, but the fistula persisted |
12 | 74 | M | 2017 | UC | Pneumonia with Staphylococcus haemolyticus | Hemophilia A, coronary artery disease, type 2 DM, and PSC | Remission | Mesalamine, IFX, and history of using 6-mercaptopurine | NA | NA | Remission |
13 | 30 | M | 2019 | CD | CMV pneumonia, pneumocystis pneumonia, and herpes simplex virus infection | HIV infection | Increased bowel movement frequency and elevated CRP | History of using ADA | NA | Cured by treatments | Remission |
14 | 18 | F | 2019 | UC | CMV infection | TPMT deficiency | NA | PSL | None | Positive for CMV immunostain on colon biopsy | Remission |
15 | 21 | M | 2020 | UC | CMV infection | NA | Flare | Steroid, IFX, and history of using GLM | GCV | Cured by treatments | Remission, but then flared and required proctocolectomy |
16 | 33 | M | 2020 | UC | CMV infection | PSC | Flare | IFX, ADA, and GLM | GCV and discontinuation of AZA | Occurred during VDZ administration | Response+ |
17 | 47 | M | 2021 | CD | CMV infection | Liver cirrhosis (due to HCV and alcoholism) | Multiple rectal fistulas and presacral abscess | Antibacterial drug and transverse colostomy | GCV and valganciclovir | Under treatment | Remission |