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Fig. 1 | Journal of Medical Case Reports

Fig. 1

From: Recurrent pneumothorax in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a rare case of bronchopleural fistula: a case report

Fig. 1

a–e Selected serial chest X-rays taken at various stages during MRD-TB treatment. a Chest X-ray taken when patient first presented to Mulago Referral Hospital tuberculosis ward and was diagnosed with MDR-TB. Chest X-ray shows hydro-pneumothorax (arrow) in the right hemithorax. Chest tube was inserted. b Chest X-ray taken a few weeks after the hydro-pneumothorax was managed with underwater seal drainage (chest tube). Chest X-ray shows a cavity (arrow) in the upper zone of the right hemithorax following removal of the chest tube. c Chest X-ray taken 2 months post MDR-TB treatment, when the patient reported new symptoms of cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Chest X-ray still showed hydro-pneumothorax (arrow) in the right hemithorax. Chest tube was reinserted. d Chest X-ray showing increasing pneumothorax (arrow) and a new air–fluid level in the right hemithorax despite a chest tube in situ. Chest computed tomography scan was performed at the time. e Chest X-ray showing recurring pneumothorax (arrow) with a new air–fluid level in the right hemithorax at 2 months following bronchopleural fistula diagnosis

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Journal of Medical Case Reports

ISSN: 1752-1947