Table 1 Proposed definition of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery
Grade | Time of onset, location, severity, and clinical impact | Clinical condition | Possible diagnostic consequences | Possible therapeutic consequences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Early intra- or extraluminal, mild | Well | Observation, blood count, radiology | No | |
B | Early, intra- or extraluminal, severe | Late, intra- or extraluminal, mild | Often well/intermediate, very rarely life threatening | Observation, blood count, CT, angiography, endoscopy | Transfusion of fluid/blood, intermediate or intensive care unit, endoscopy, coiling, relaparotomy if early PPH |
C | Late intra- or extraluminal, severe | Severely impaired, life threatening | Angiography, CT, endoscopy | Angiography, coiling, endoscopy, relaparotomy, intensive care unit | |