Table 1 Hyperinfection syndrome due to Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with asthma
Author and year | Age/Sex | Risk factors | Comorbidities | AEC (cells/μL) | Larvae in sputum/BAL | Larvae in stool | Histopathological findings | Time to anti-parasitic administration (days) | Anti-parasitic treatment, duration | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nwokolo and Imohiosen 1973 [12] | 15/F | EEA | None | 3502 | YES | NO | NA | NA | TBZ, 2 days DEC, 25 days | Unknown |
2 | Higenbottam and Heard 1976 [13] | 57/M | EEA, steroids | None | 11 | NO | NO | Larvae in bronchial sections of both lungs | None | None | Died |
3 | Kaslow et al. 1990 [14] | 74/M | EEA, steroids | None | 2665 | YES | YES | Larvae in the heart, stomach, and colon | 3 | TBZ, 17 days | Died |
4 | Marsan et al. 1993 [15] | 54/M | EEA, steroids | None | < 130 | YES | NA | NA | NA | TBZ | Survived |
5 | Rivals et al. 2000 [16] | 60/M | EEA, steroids | Ischemic heart disease | NA | YES | YES | NA | 2 | TBZ, 6 days | Survived |
6 | Jones et al. 2002 [17] | 75/M | EEA, steroids | None | 1200 | YES | NO | NA | NA | ABZ, 3 days IVM, 11 days | Survived |
7 | Upadhyay et al. 2001 [18] | 82/M | EEA, steroids | None | 324 | YES | NA | Larvae infiltration in lung | 5 | ABZ, 7 days | Died |
8 | Ochoa et al. 2003 [19] | 55/M | EEA, steroids | None | NA | YES | YES | Larvae in mucosa and submucosa of the main bronchi | 9 | ABZ, 3 days | Died |
9 | Kim et al. 2005 [20] | 71/M | EEA, steroids, DM, alcohol use | COPD, Cushing syndrome, DM | 165 | YES | NO | NA | None | None | Died |
10 | Jayaprakash et al. 2009 [21] | 50/F | EEA, steroids | None | NA | YES | YES | NA | NA | IVM, 7 days | Survived |
11 | Altintop et al. 2010 [22] | 68/F | EEA, steroids, methotrexate | RA | NA | YES | YES | Larvae in gastric glands and duodenal crypts | NA | ABZ, 23 days IVM, 3 days | Survived |
12 | Bashir et al. 2015 [23] | 70/M | EEA, steroids, DM | DM | 109 | YES | YES | NA | NA | IVM, 2 days | Survived |
13 | Alsharif et al. 2015 [24] | 31/F | EEA, steroids | None | 3831 | YES | YES | NA | NA | IVM, 17 days | Survived |
14 | Wang et al. 2016 [25] | NA/M | EEA, steroids | None | 1099 | YES | YES | Larvae in duodenal mucosa | NA | ABZ, 14 days | Died |