Table 2 Definition of catatonia in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition
From: Idiopathic catatonic syndrome in a young male with no prior psychiatric history: a case report
Definition of catatonia in DSM-V (APA, 2013): |
|---|
Catatonia is diagnosed when the clinical picture is dominated by three or more of the following: |
1. Stupor: No psychomotor activity; not actively relating to environment |
2. Catalepsy: Passive induction of a posture held against gravity |
3. Waxy flexibility: Slight and even resistance to positioning by examiner |
4. Mutism: No, or very little, verbal response |
(not applicable if there is an established aphasia) |
5. Negativism: Opposing or not responding to instructions or external stimuli |
6. Posturing: Spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity |
7. Mannerisms: Odd caricature of normal actions |
8. Stereotypy: Repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal directed movements |
9. Agitation (Not influenced by external stimuli) |
10. Grimacing |
11. Echolalia: Mimicking another’s speech |
12. Echopraxia: Mimicking another’s movements |