Author and Year | Age | Clinical Presentation | Diagnosis | Management |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Shokri et al. 2021 [6] | 32F | Chronic abdominal pain | Abdominal and pelvic gadolinium enhanced MRI | Warfarin for 6 months with resolution of symptoms |
Alalqam et al.2019 [7] | 42F | Left iliac fossa and periumbilical pain–tender on examination | Abdominal doppler, confirmed by CT | Warfarin for 6 months Doppler 1 year post showed resolution of thrombus |
Basit et al. 2020 [8] | 41F | Sharp bilateral iliac fossa pain radiating to pubic symphysis. Associated nausea and constipation | Abdominal and pelvic CT with IV and PO contrast | LMWH switched to apixaban for 6 months. Symptomatic improvement on day 3 |
Christy et al. 2021 [9] | 30F | Bilateral lower pelvic pain and nausea | Abdominal and pelvic CT | Anticoagulation and repeat imaging in 40–60 days |
Doherty et al. 2015 [10] | 29F | Left lower quadrant pain for 8 months | Abdominal USS | Warfarin for 6 weeks. Doppler 2 months post showed resolution of thrombus |
Garcia 2017 [11] | 35F | Left flank pain for 2 days | Abdominal and pelvic CT with IV contrast | Rivaroxaban with resolution of symptoms by week 3. Repeat USS at week 6 and 12 demonstrated recanalization |
Harris et al. 2012 [12] | 53F | Right flank pain for 1 week | Abdominal and pelvic CT with IV contrast | Warfarin for 5 months with INR between 2 and 3. CT follow up at 5 months showed persistent thrombus with no extension. Warfarin subsequently discontinued |
Heavrin 2008 [13] | 29F | Left lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting for 3 days | Abdominal and pelvic CT with contrast | Anticoagulation for 6 months. No complications at 18 months follow up |
Khishfe et al. 2016 [14] | 30-39F | Colicky groin pain with associated nausea and point tenderness | Abdominal and pelvic CT (looking for nephrolithiasis) | Warfarin (Coumadin) and oral antibiotics |
Kodali et al. 2016 [15] | 40F | Right lower quadrant pain associated with nausea | Abdominal and pelvic CT (looking for appendicitis) | LMWH followed by warfarin (INR 2–3) for 6 months with symptomatic improvement by day 2 |
Li et al. 2021 [16] | 33F | Acute on chronic right lower quadrant pain for 2 years | Laparotomy | Thrombus removed at surgery, commenced rivaroxaban for 3 months |
Markus et al. 2022 [17] | 27F | Left lower quadrant pain for 1 week associated with nausea | Laparoscopy followed by abdominopelvic CT and MRI | Apixaban for 3 months with symptomatic improvement after 24 h |
Murphy et al. 2006 [18] | 27F | Right lower quadrant pain radiating to right flank associated with anorexia and nausea | Abdominal and pelvic CT | Anticoagulation–unspecified |
Stafford et al. 2010 [19] | 42F | Sudden onset central abdominal and right iliac fossa pain associated with nausea | Abdominal and pelvic CT | Unfractionated heparin followed by warfarin on discharge, 2-month USS showed complete resolution |
Tahir et al. 2021 [20] | 42F | Severe sharp throbbing abdominal pain for 4 days associated with eating | Abdominal and pelvic CT | LMWH with rivaroxaban on discharge |
Takazawa et al. 2022[21] | 63F | Mild lower abdominal pain for 4 weeks | Abdominal and pelvic CT | Rivaroxaban for 8 months with improvement of symptoms after 1 month |
Trang et al. 2020 [22] | 47F | Non-specific back pain radiating to anterior abdomen associated with left lower quadrant pain | Abdominal and pelvic CT with IV contrast | LMWH with improvement in 24 h, discharged with rivaroxaban for 3 months. Follow up CTAP at 2 months showed complete resolution of thrombus |
Yıldırım et al. 2005 [23] | 36F | Nausea and abdominal pain for 2 days | Abdominal USS followed by abdominal and pelvic CT | Unfractionated heparin with warfarin with symptomatic improvement. Follow up CT on day 40 showed a persistent thrombus |