Multiple lumbar punctures aiming to relieve headache results in iatrogenic spinal hematoma: a case report

Table 1 Reported case studies of iatrogenic spinal hematoma following a lumbar puncture, January 2014–January 2022

Case study	Procedure	Clotting defect	Time to presentation	Pain	Red cell count in CSF (μL)	Hematoma	Management	Outcome
Bi et al., 2021 [22]	Epidural anesthesia	None	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	SDH	Conservative	Fully recovered
Sawaya et al., 2018 [13]	Epidural anesthesia	Normal clotting bloods but on LMWH with AKI	1 hour	Headache	Unknown	IDH + EDH	Conservative	Unknown
Sawaya et al., 2018 [13]	LP	Normal blood but had myelodysplasia	Few hours	Lower back pain and bilateral thighs	4	IDH	Conservative	Death
Park et al., 2017 [23]	LP	None	Several minutes	Unknown	Unknown	SAH	Surgery	Fully recovered
Kothari et al., 2016 [21]	LP	Yes, mildly decreased fibrinogen only	Several hours	Bilateral legs	Unknown	SAH + SDH	Surgery	Unknown
Avecillas-Chasin et al., 2016 [24]	Spinal anesthesia	Unknown	3 days	Lower back and legs	Unknown	SAH + SDH	Surgery	Mild paraparesis

CSF cerebrospinal fluid, LP lumbar puncture, SAH subarachnoid hematoma, SDH subdural hematoma, IDH intradural hematoma, EDH epidural hematoma, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, AKI acute kidney injury

ISSN: 1752-1947