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Table 1 Review of the previous studies of isolated posterior myocardial infarct

From: Isolated posterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the necessity of routine 15-lead electrocardiography: a case series

Number

Title

Author

Number of subject

Results

1.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with isolated ST-segment elevation in posterior chest leads V7–V9

Matezky et al. 1999 [12]

33 patients

Study subjects included 33 consecutive patients with ischemic chest pain suggestive of AMI who did not have ST elevation on standard ECG but had ST elevation in V7–V9

Among the patients, ST depression was noted in leads V1–V3 in 20 patients (61%), ECG pathologic Q waves were noted in leads V7–V9 in 26 patients (79%), and LCx artery was the infarct-related artery in all the catheterized patients (20 patients)

2.

Prevalence and outcome of ST-segment elevation in posterior electrocardiographic leads during myocardial infarction

Oraii et al. 1999 [6]

7 patients

Among 210 consecutive patients with AMI, 19 patients (9%) had STE of > 1 mm in two or more posterior leads, either as an isolated finding [7 cases (3.3%)] or in association with STE at the inferior or lateral sites [12 cases (5.7%)]

In-hospital complications were significantly more frequent in the IPMI group compared with matched controls [Mantel–Haenszel odd ratio (OR) 7, confidence interval (CI) 1.28–28.43]

3.

Importance of posterior chest leads in patients with suspected myocardial infarction, however, nondiagnostic, routine 12-lead electrogram

Agarwal et al. 1999 [13]

18 patients

Among 58 patients who had clinically suspected MI with the use of nondiagnostic routine 12-lead ECG, 18 patients had ST elevations of > 0.1 mV or Q waves in ≥ 2 posterior leads

Door-to-balloon times (107 minutes versus 72 minutes; p < 0.01) were longer among patients with IPMI, as fewer patients received reperfusion within 90 minutes (30% versus 71%; p < 0.01)

4.

Clinical characteristics and reperfusion times among patients with an isolated posterior myocardial infarction

Waldo et al. 2013 [14]

20 patients

On the basis of the registry between 2008 and 2012, among 318 patients who underwent revascularization for STEMI, 20 patients (6%) had an isolated posterior MI

5.

The importance of the 15-lead versus 12-lead ECG recordings in the diagnosis and treatment of right ventricle and left ventricle posterior and lateral wall AMI

Vogiatzis et al. 2014 [11]

28 patients

Among 186 patients with acute coronary syndrome, posterior lead ECG was required in 28 patients (15.1%) to establish a STEMI diagnosis for the performance of reperfusion therapy

A multivariate regression analysis showed that 15-lead ECG was the sole factor that was significantly associated with MI diagnosis (OR 2.43, p = 0.04)

6.

Reperfusion times and in-hospital outcomes among patients with an isolated posterior myocardial infarction: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry

Waldo et al. 2014 [15]

824 patients

Among 117,739 subjects with STEMI, 824 patients (0.7%) were diagnosed with an isolated PMI

In a subject with IPMI, fewer patients achieved a door-to-balloon time of less than 90 minutes (83% versus 89%, p < 0.01).

7.

Prevalence and prognosis of isolated posterior ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction using synthesized-V7–9 lead

Shimojo et al. 2021 [16]

10 patients

Among 142 consecutive patients with STEMI with the culprit lesion on LCx, 10 patients (7.0%) had ST elevation only in synthesized V7–V9 lead who classified as STEMI-LCx-synV7–V9 group and the remaining as STEMI-LCx-12ECG group [132 patients (93%)]

The patients with STEMI-LCx-synV7–V9 had significantly higher incidences of cardiac death within 3 months and 1 year (30.0% versus 6.1%, p = 0.031, 30.0% versus 7.6%, p = 0.050, respectively) and mechanical complications in each follow-up period (20.0% versus 1.5 %, p = 0.025) than those with STEMI-LCx-12ECG