Table 2 Clinical and diagnostic steps

1. Appearance of an ulcerated lesion in the lateral region of the lower lip;

2. After the lesion had been present for 1 year, the patient presented for specialist medical consultation;

3. The patient underwent full examination of oral and extraoral tissues and a markedly ulcerated, exophytic, irregularly shaped, indurated mass of the lower right labial region, measuring 1.8 cm in size, was revealed;

4. An excisional biopsy with 0.5 cm of free margins and W-shaped wedge was performed;

5. Four-micron-thick serial sections were obtained from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimen;

6. One section was stained with hematoxylin–eosin for histopathological examination;

7. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of EMA and CEA;

8. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the lower lip was rendered;

9. Following the diagnosis, the patient underwent a complete clinical and radiographic evaluation to identify any regional or distant metastases.