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Table 3 Pre- and post-treatment outcomes

From: Effects of dry needling on muscle spasticity of the upper limb in a survivor of traumatic brain injury: a case report

Variables

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Upper limb BRS

4

5

Hand function BRS

4

5

MMAS (elbow flexor)

1

0

MMAS (forearm pronator)

3

3

MMAS (wrist flexor)

2

1

MMAS (thumb flexor)

3

2

MMAS (thumb adductor)

4

3

PRF(elbow flexor)

10

5

PRF (forearm pronator)

30

30

PRF(wrist flexor)

20

10

PRF(thumb flexor)

10

7

PRF (thumb adductor)

10

7

AROM elbow extension

− 30

0

AROM wrist extension

25

30

AROM supination

15

15

AROM thumb extension

0

5

AROM thumb abduction

0

5

PROM elbow extension

0

0

PROM wrist extension

30

50

PROM supination

20

20

PROM thumb extension

30

70

PROM thumb abduction

20

20

Box and block test (boxes in 1 minute)

Affected side

Unaffected side

Affected side

Unaffected side

 

3

32

9

40

  1. BSR brunnstrom recovery stages, MMAS modified modified ashworth scale, PRF passive resistance force, AROM active range of motion, PROM passive range of motion