Table 1 Diagnosis and management of chest wall hematomas exterior to the endothoracic fascia following blunt trauma
Author, year | Study design | Number of patients | Mechanism of injury | Blood thinners | Primary tool of diagnosis | Final tool of diagnosis | Blood vessel | Hematoma in relation to | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jin et al., 2021 [9] | Case report | 1 | Motorized scooter crash 2 weeks earlier | No | Chest CT | Angiogram | A pseudoaneurysm on the left dorsal scapular artery | Displaced left third rib fracture | Angiographic embolization |
Gorospe et al., 2016 [10] | Case report | 1 | Fall 2 months earlier (unknown height) | No | Chest CT | Angiogram | A pseudoaneurysm on a branch of the right dorsal scapular artery | Multiple nondisplaced right rib fractures, unknown location | Angiographic embolization |
Sato et al., 2016 [5] | Case report | 1 | Motor vehicle accident 22 days earlier | No | Chest CT | Angiogram | Rupture of a branch of the left suprascapular artery | Posterior fractures of the left 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th ribs | Angiographic embolization |
Yu et al., 2015 [11] | Case report | 1 | Fall onto the handlebar during bicycle riding same day | Aspirin | Chest CT | Angiogram | A pseudoaneurysm on a branch of the right anterior humeral circumflex artery | No report | Angiographic embolization with subsequent surgical drainage |
Prater et al., 2010 [12] | Case report | 1 | Automobile accident 2 years earlier | Unknown | Chest CT | Angiogram | A pseudoaneurysm on the suprascapular artery | Left clavicle fracture | Angiographic embolization |
Patel et al., 2009 [13] | Case report | 1 | High-speed front–end motor vehicular collision same day | Unknown | Chest CT | Angiogram | A pseudoaneurysm on a perforating branch of the left internal mammary artery | No report | Angiographic embolization |
Suh et al., 2009 [14] | Case report | 1 | Pounding her own chest same day | No | Contrast-enhanced chest CT | Contrast-enhanced chest CT | Rupture of a perforating branch of the left internal mammary artery | No report | Hematoma removed through a limited subaxillary incision |
Antevil et al., 2006 [15] | Case report | 1 | Motor vehicle crash same day | Unknown | Contrast-enhanced chest CT | Angiogram | Rupture of an accessory scapular branch of the right axillary artery and the right lateral thoracic artery | Multiple right-sided rib fractures | Angiographic embolization |