Fig. 1

a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scans in the axial (left), coronal (middle), and sagittal (left) plan. The red asterisks indicate the lead trajectory in the axial plane and the most distal point reached by the lead in the coronal and sagittal plan. b Representative intraoperative microelectrode recordings of LFP (black trace) and units (gray trace) obtained during the DYT6-1 (upper panel) and DYT6-2 (lower panel) surgeries. The epoch of LFP recording marked by the bold dotted line represents the corresponding epoch of unit recording. Gray dotted line around the unit trace represents the detection threshold used to isolate waveforms marked in red and blue. Averaged waveforms for those units are presented on the right side of the trace. Scale bars: LFP trace, 100 ms; single-unit trace, 10 ms; single-unit waveforms, 0.4 ms. c LFP band relative power as a fraction of total power within 6–100 Hz band; see text for details of x-axis labels. Target symbols represent median, diamonds the mean, and boxes second and third quartiles; whiskers are ± 2.7 standard deviation, and circles are outliers. Spectra of recordings (inset) along an insertion passage in DYT6-2 patient on left side. Recordings were taken at 1 mm step from 5 mm above (top trace) to 1 mm below the planned GPi ventral border; the bottom bold trace is the average