ID Country Sample size (n) | Case# Diagnosis Age Sex | Description of neuropsychiatric outcomes | Disposition | GRADE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beach 2020 United States n = 4 | (1) AUD—remitted, NCD 76 years Female | Admitted with aggression, paranoia, alogia, and abulia. On examination had myoclonus, increased tone, and palmomental reflex. She was febrile with elevated CRP and bibasilar opacity on CXR. She was COVID positive on PCR. Head CT was nil acute and MR, EEG, LP were not done. She was trialed on olanzapine and haloperidol for management with poor effect. Switched to chlorpromazine and clonidine patch | Palliative | Very low quality |
(2) AUD—remitted, NCD 70 years Male | Admitted with aggression, staring, alogia, and abulia. On examination had cogwheel rigidity and myoclonus. An EEG showed diffuse slowing and generalized discharges and head CT was nil acute. He was COVID positive on PCR. Lorazepam was trialed for query catatonia with poor effect. His aggression and delirium were managed with physical restraints and valproic acid | Improved | ||
(3) Schizophrenia 68Â years Male | Admitted with a fall causing subdural hematoma (seen on head CT), UTI, AKI, and hypercalcemia. He was COVID positive on PCR. His longstanding clozapine and lithium were held, after which he developed agitation, alogia, abulia, and disorientation. He had mild tardive dyskinesia on examination. Delirium was managed with physical restraints and slow reintroduction of antipsychotics | Improved | ||
(4) MDD with psychosis, NCD 87Â years Female | Admitted with agitation, disorientation, and slurred speech. On examination she had myoclonus. She was tachycardic and had elevated CRP and was COVID positive on PCR. Delirium was initially managed with physical restraints and haloperidol, and later with quetiapine | Deceased | ||
Martinotti 2020 Italy n = 6 | (5) MDD 61Â years Male | Admitted with COVID pneumonia requiring NIMV. Hyperactive delirium managed with Abilify IM. Pre-dose-ICDSC score 6, post-dose score 2 | NR | Very low quality |
(6) MDD with psychosis 60Â years Male | Admitted with mild COVID pneumonia and fever. Developed hyperactive delirium, delusions of guilt, and suicidal ideation. Delirium managed with Abilify IM. Pre-dose ICDSC score 4, post-dose score 2 | NR | ||
(7) BD 58Â years Male | Admitted with COVID pneumonia requiring MV. Hyperactive delirium managed with Abilify IM. Pre-dose ICDSC score 5, post-dose 2 | Recovered | ||
(8) MDD 64Â years Male | Admitted with COVID pneumonia requiring NIMV. Hyperactive delirium managed with Abilify IM. Pre-dose ICDSC score 5, post-dose score 2 | NR | ||
(9) BD 67Â years Male | Admitted with COVID pneumonia requiring NIMV. Hyperactive delirium managed with Abilify IM. Pre-dose ICDSC score 5, post-dose score 2 | NR | ||
(10) GAD 71Â years Male | Admitted with COVID pneumonia requiring NIMV. Developed hyperactive delirium and persecutory delusions. Delirium managed with Abilify IM. Pre-dose ICDSC score 6, post-dose score 0 | Recovered | ||
Palomar-Ciria 2020 Spain n = 1 | (11) Schizophrenia 65Â years Male | Admitted with 20-day history of bizarre behavior and incoherent speech, as well as new aggression, insomnia, echolalia, and disorientation. Head MRI was performed because of abulia, showing findings of encephalopathy. He had COVID positive antibodies but a negative PCR. He was managed with melatonin, haloperidol, and amisulpride | Improved | Very low quality |
Suwan-wongse 2020 United States n = 2 | (12) BD 67Â years Female. | Admitted with disorientation, incoherent speech, AKI, and lithium toxicity (2.3Â mmol/L). She was febrile and had bilateral infiltrates on CXR. She was COVID positive on PCR. Her lithium toxicity was managed with fluid resuscitation | Deceased | Very low quality |
(13) ADHD, ASD, BD 18Â years Male. | Admitted with altered consciousness, AKI, and lithium toxicity (2.6Â mmol/L). He was febrile and tachycardic. His CXR was normal and he was COVID positive on PCR. He was managed conservatively with fluid resuscitation and cessation of lithium with plan to restart as an outpatient | Recovered |