From: Life-threatening diarrhea in neuroendocrine tumors: two case reports
Investigation | Result | |
---|---|---|
Serum hormonal levels | Chromogranin A (< 85 ng/mL) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (0.0–50.0 pmol/L) Glucagon (50–150 pg/mL) | 29,000 Within range Within range |
Urine testing | Urine 5-HIAA (0–40 µmol/24 hours) | 1727 |
Pathology | Full blood count, liver function tests, B12, thyroid function, folate, vitamin D, celiac serology, calcium | No significant abnormalities |
Fecal analysis | Culture and sensitivity, calprotectin, chymotrypsin, osmolality, pancreatic elastase | No significant findings |
Anatomical defects | Flexible sigmoidoscopy Gastroscopy and colonoscopy, colonic biopsy | No significant findings |