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Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis with our patient

From: Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in an adolescent female: a case report

Clinical characteristics

Our patient

AIN in TINU

 1. Abnormal renal function

Mild elevation of serum creatinine. AH treated with lifestyle interventions already before disease onset

 2. Abnormal urinalysis

  Low-grade proteinuria, glycosuria, urinary eosinophils, hematuria, sterile pyuria, and presence of white cell casts, as well as phosphaturia and aminoaciduria. Elevated urinary NAG, α-1 and β-2 microglobulin

Mild proteinuria, microalbuminuria, elevated α-1 microglobulin, normoglycemic glycosuria

 3. Systemic illness lasting ≥ 2 weeks

No history of systemic symptoms

  (a) Signs and symptoms: fever, rash, weight loss, anorexia, malaise, fatigue, flank pain, arthralgia or myalgia

Marked elevation of ESR, mild elevation of CRP, mild anemia

  (b) Blood and urinary findings: anemia, eosinophilia, elevated ESR and CRP, abnormal LFT, acid–base disorders

Uveitis in TINU

 1. Classical bilateral, anterior uveitis with ocular redness, pain, and photophobia

Unilateral anterior uveitis at presentation and contralateral anterior uveitis after 1 month

 2. Atypical uveitis: intermediate and/or posterior involvement

 3. Complications: posterior synechiae, cystoid macular edema, disc edema, elevated intraocular pressure, cataract formation

  1. The renal and ocular course are thought to be independent, and neither the severity nor prognosis of nephritis is influenced by the presence of uveitis [16]. AIN acute interstitial nephritis, AH arterial hypertension, NAG N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, LFT liver function tests. Adopted from [3, 9].