Fig. 1

The surgical procedure of the patient. A The patient was intubated immediately after birth; open tracheoesophageal fistula closure was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit. B Titanium clip was used to ligate the tracheoesophageal fistula. C On 22nd DOL, gastrostomy was created. D Three months after birth, esophageal anastomosis was performed via thoracoscopy. White arrow in B and D indicates location of titanium clip