Table 1 Available maintenance intravenous fluid solution and necessary additives
From: From hypotonic maintenance fluid to severe hyponatremia: a case report
Solution | Composition | Osmolarity (mOsmol/L) | Necessary additives for use in children (glucose 4–5% + near isotonic) | Estimated final composition | Estimated final osmolarity (mOsmol/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human plasma | Glucose 3.5–6.1 mmol/L | 308 | |||
Na+ 135–144 mmol/L | |||||
Cl− 95–105 mmol/L | |||||
K+ 3.5–5.3 mmol/L | |||||
Bicarbonate 23–30 mmol/L | |||||
Ca2+ 2.2 mmol/L | |||||
Mg2+ 0.8–1.2 mmol/L | |||||
Normal salinea | Na+ 154 mmol/L | 308 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 499 |
Cl− 154 mmol/L | Na+ 133 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 133 mmol/L | |||||
Normal saline G5%a | Glucose 5% | 580 | Nothing to add, but unbalanced in anions, and does not contain potassium or calcium | ||
Na+ 154 mmol/L | |||||
Cl− 154 mmol/L | |||||
Ringer’s lactateMD,a,b | Na+ 130 mmol/L | 253 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 452 |
K+ 4 mmol/L | Na+ 112 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 1.4 mmol/L | K+ 3.5 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 108 mmol/L | Ca2+ 1.2 mmol/L | ||||
Lactate 27 mmol/L | Cl− 93 mmol/L | ||||
Lactate 23 mmol/L | |||||
Ringer’s lactate G5%MD,a,b | Glucose 5% | 525 | Nothing to add, but slightly hypotonic | ||
Na+ 130 mmol/L | |||||
K+ 4 mmol/L | |||||
Ca2+ 1.5 mmol/L | |||||
Cl− 109 mmol/L | |||||
Lactate 28 mmol/L | |||||
Hartmann’s solutionMD,a,b | Na+ 131 mmol/L | 278 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 466 |
K+ 5.4 mmol/L | Na+ 113 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 1.8 mmol/L | K+ 4.7 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 111.7 mmol/L | Ca2+ 1.6 mmol/L | ||||
Lactate 27.8 mmol/L | Cl− 96.3 mmol/L | ||||
Lactate 24 mmol/L | |||||
Ringer’s acetateMD,a,b | Na+ 137 mmol/L | 291 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 475 |
K+ 4 mmol/L | Na+ 118 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 1.65 mmol/L | K+ 3.5 mmol/L | ||||
Mg2+ 1.25 mmol/L | Ca2+ 1.4 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 110 mmol/L | Mg2+ 1.1 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 36.8 mmol/L | Cl− 94.8 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 31.7 mmol/L | |||||
ELOMEL IsotonMD,a,b | Na+ 140 mmol/L | 302 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 485 |
K+ 5 mmol/L | Na+ 121 mmol/L | ||||
Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L | K+ 4.3 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 2.5 mmol/L | Mg2+ 1.3 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 108 mmol/L | Ca2+ 2.2 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 45 mmol/L | Cl− 93.1 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 38.8 mmol/L | |||||
Plasma-Lyte 148MD,a,b NormosolMD,a,b IsolyteMD,a,b | Na+ 140 mmol/L | 294 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 479 |
K+ 5 mmol/L | Na+ 121 mmol/L | ||||
Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L | K+ 4.3 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 98 mmol/L | Mg2+ 1.3 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 27 mmol/L | Cl− 84.5 mmol/L | ||||
Gluconate 23 mmol/L | Acetate 23.3 mmol/L | ||||
Gluconate 19.8 mmol/L | |||||
Plasmalyte 148 G5%MD,a,b | Glucose 5% | 572 | Nothing to add, but dose not contain calcium | ||
Na+ 140 mmol/L | |||||
K+ 5 mmol/L | |||||
Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L | |||||
Cl− 98 mmol/L | |||||
Acetate 27 mmol/L | |||||
Gluconate 23 mmol/L | |||||
IsofundineMD,a,b RingerfundineMD,a,b SterofundineMD,a,b | Na+ 145 mmol/L | 309 | 80 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.1% | 499 |
K+ 4 mmol/L | Na+ 125 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 2.5 mmol/L | K+ 3.5 mmol/L | ||||
Mg2+ 1 mmol/L | Ca2+ 2.15 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 127 mmol/L | Mg2+ 0.9 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 24 mmol/L | Cl− 109 mmol/L | ||||
Malate 5 mmol/L | Acetate 20.7 mmol/L | ||||
Malate 4.3 mmol/L | |||||
IsopediaMD,a,b | Glucose 1% | 351 | 60 mL of glucose 30% per 500 mL | Glucose 4.2% | 495 |
Na+ 140 mmol/L | Na+ 125 mmol/L | ||||
K+ 4 mmol/L | K+ 3.6 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 1 mmol/L | Ca2+ 0.9 mmol/L | ||||
Mg2+ 1 mmol/L | Mg2+ 0.9 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 118 mmol/L | Cl− 107 mmol/L | ||||
Acetate 30 mmol/L | Acetate 27 mmol/L | ||||
Glucidion G5MD | Glucose 5% | 460 | 10 mL of NaCl− 2 g/10 mL per 500 mL | Glucose 4.9% | 585 |
OsmotanG5MD | Na+ 68.4 mmol/L | Na+ 136 mmol/L | |||
BionolyteG5MD | K+ 26.8 mmol/L | K+ 26.2 mmol/L | |||
Polyionique G5MD | Cl− 95.2 mmol/L | Cl− 163 mmol/L | |||
Dextrion G5%MD | Glucose 5% | 393 | 15 mL of NaCl− 2 g/10 mL per 500 mL | Glucose 4.8% | 582 |
Na+ 34.2 mmol/L | Na+ 136 mmol/L | ||||
K+ 20.1 mmol/L | K+ 19.5 mmol/L | ||||
Ca2+ 2.23 mmol/L | Ca2+ 2.2 mmol/L | ||||
Cl− 54.3 mmol/L | Cl− 156 mmol/L |