Table 1 Methods of pregnancy termination for second trimester conjoined twins
Author, year | Type of union | Gestational age at termination | Method of termination | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kattel, 2018 [19] | Parapagus dicephalus | 27 weeks 6 days | Cesarean section |
2 | Sakala, 1986 [10] | Thoracopagus | 27 weeks | Vaginal (Pitocin induction) |
3 | Chatkupt, 1993 [20] | Dicephalus | 21 weeks | Vaginal (saline induction) |
4 | Zoppini, 1993 [21] | Omphalopagus | 23 weeks | Cesarean section (classical) |
5 | Van den Brand, 1994 [22] | Thoracopagus | 21 weeks | Both vaginal (prostaglandin induction) |
Omphalopagus | 17 weeks | |||
6 | Balakumar, 1995 [12] | Thoraco-omphalopagus | 20 weeks | Cesarean section |
7 | Aquino, 1997 [23] | Craniopagus parasiticus | 20 weeks | Vaginal (prostaglandin induction) |
8 | Sen, 2003 [6] | Thoraco-omphalopagus | 19 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
9 | Esenkaya, 2004 [24] | Dicephalus | 17 weeks | Vaginal |
10 | Tansel, 2004 [25] | Parapagus (dicephalus tetrabrachius dipus) | 22 weeks | Vaginal |
11 | Maymon, 2005 [26] | Thoracopagus | 16 weeks | Dilation and evacuation |
12 | Hassani, 2005 [27] | Dicephalus dibrachius | 16 weeks | Vaginal |
13 | Khanna, 2005 [28] | Cephalothoracopagus janiceps | 24 weeks | Vaginal |
14 | Özkur, 2006 [29] | Cephalopagus | 24 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
15 | Singla, 2009 [11] | Thoracopagus | 27 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
16 | Sabih, 2010 [30] | Dicephalus | 24 weeks | Cesarean section |
17 | Deveer, 2010 [31] | Craniothoracopagus | 26 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
18 | Mete, 2010 [32] | Dicephalic parapagus | 16 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
19 | Camuzcuoglu, 2010 [13] | Dicephalic parapagus | 19 weeks | Cesarean section |
20 | Pandey, 2011 [33] | Thoraco-omphalopagus | 15 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
21 | Brizot, 2011 [9] | A total of 13 cases Thoracopagus 9 Thoracopagus dibrachius tripus 1 Parapagus dibrachius dipus 1 Parapagus dicephalus tribrachius dipus 1 Omphaloischiopagus 1 | Gestational age ranging from 18 weeks 3 days to 27 weeks 4 days | One case underwent cesarean section at 27 weeks 4 days. The other 12 had vaginal delivery |
22 | Pătraşcu, 2013 [34] | Dicephalus dipus dibrachius | 21 weeks | Cesarean section |
23 | Mitchell, 2014 [4] | Thoraco-omphalopagus | 23 weeks 6 days | Both vaginal. Inductions were initiated with laminaria and augmented with vaginal misoprostol or oxytocin |
Pygopagus | 25 weeks 1 day | |||
24 | Wu, 2014 [35] | Thoracopagus | 24 weeks | Vaginal |
25 | Vaidya, 2014 [36] | Diprosopus | 26 weeks | Vaginal (prostaglandin induction) |
26 | Krawczyk, 2015 [37] | Thoraco-omphalopagus | 16 weeks | Vaginal |
27 | Lu, 2016 [38] | Thoracopagus | 25 weeks | Vaginal (prostaglandin induction) |
28 | Biso, 2017 [39] | Ischiopagus | 21 weeks | Vaginal |
29 | Ozcan, 2017 [14] | Thoraco-omphalopagus | 17 weeks | Cesarean section |
30 | Eris Yalcin, 2018 [40] | Cephalopagus | 14 weeks | Vaginal |
31 | Al Yaqoubi, 2019 [41] | Craniopagus parasiticus | 17 weeks | Vaginal (misoprostol induction) |
32 | Hern, 2019 [15] | Thoracopagus | 26 weeks | Dilation and evacuation |
33 | Vegar-Zubović, 2020 [42] | Cephalothoracoomphalopagus | 21 weeks | Cesarean section |
34 | Our report | Thoracopagus | 22 weeks | Dilation and evacuation |