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Table 3 Conditions associated with melanonychia due to melanocytic activation and melanocytic hyperplasia in the nail matrix [1]

From: Chemotherapy-related striate melanonychia: a case report

Melanocytic activation in the nail matrix

Physiologic causes

Racial

Pregnancy

Local and regional causes

Repeated local trauma from poor footwear or overriding toes

Onychotillomania

Nail biting

Occupational trauma

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Dermatologic causes

Onychomycosis

Chronic paronychia

Psoriasis

Lichen planus

Amyloidosis

Chronic radiation dermatitis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Localized scleroderma

Onychomatricoma

Bowen’s disease

Myxoid pseudocyst

Basal cell carcinoma

Subungual fibrous histiocytoma

Verruca vulgaris

Subungual linear keratosis

Systemic causes

Endocrine (Addison’s, Cushing’s syndrome)

Nelson’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly

Alcaptonuria

Nutritional disorders

Hemosiderosis

Hyperbilirubinemia

Porphyria

Graft versus host disease

AIDS

Iatrogenic causes

Phototherapy

X-ray exposure

Electron beam therapy

Drug intake

Syndromes

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Touraine syndrome

Melanocytic hyperplasia in the nail matrix

Benign

Congenital nevi

Acquired nevi

Nail lentigo

Neoplasm

Subungual melanoma in situ

Subungual melanoma

Subungual pigmented Bowen disease

Subungual pigmented squamous cell carcinoma