Fig. 3.

Intraoperative findings of this case report. a Design and markings. The orbital margin was marked with an interrupted line as a landmark. The incision line was made 1 mm behind the hairline with a lazy-S shape. The temporal branch of the superficial temporal artery, located just above the incision line, was marked with an interrupted line. The predicted lines of the temporal branch, the zygomatic branch, and the buccal branch of the facial nerve were also marked with long, interrupted lines. A small vein just above the tumor was also marked before the incision. b Insertion of the endoscope. The endoscope was used to check not only the tumor but also the surrounding tissues, especially fibrous tissues like nerves and blood vessels. The tip of the camera was angled at 30°. c Tumor appearance before rupture. The tumor could be observed directly from the incision. The color of the tumor was homogeneously yellow, like a lipoma; however, it was slightly translucent. d Endoscopic findings in the cavity after removal of the tumor. A circular cavity was observed endoscopically. The cavity was considered to be surrounded by the bone covered by the periosteum. There was no fibrous tissue (such as nerve fibers) in this view