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Table 1 Summary of cases of trophoblastic neoplasms presenting on the abdominal wall

From: Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor coexisting with choriocarcinoma around an abdominal wall cesarean scar: a case report and review of the literature

Author (year)

Age (years)

Antecedent pregnancy

Presentation and tumor size (mm)

β-hCG level (IU/L)

Extrauterine trophoblastic tumor

Surgical treatment

Pathological diagnosis

Chemotherapy

Response to chemotherapy

Follow-up (months)

Outcome

Bailey et al., [16] (2003)

Young

FTVD, 3 years

Vaginal spotting, left lower anterior pelvis abdominal wall, 20 × 20

317,735

YES

Laparoscopic local resection

CC

EMA-CO

Complete response

24

NED

Mukherjee et al., [17] (2013)

41

FTVD, 13 years

Anterior abdominal wall and iliopsoas mass, 77 × 51 × 34

87,643

NO

Cytoreductive laparotomy (PLND,

omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies)

CC

EMA-CO

Complete response

18

NED

Davis et al., [18] (2015)

49

FTCS, 16 years

Umbilical hernia, multiple calcified nodules in the peritoneal cavity, largest diameter 85

6.9

YES.

TAH-BSO, omentectomy, right ureterolysis, and extensive resection of the pelvic peritoneum

ETT

EMA-EP prior to surgery

No response

18

Stable disease: residual small bowel mesentery

Davis et al., [18] (2015)

44

FTCS, 22 years

Pain at a prior cesarean section scar, diameter 90

Unknown

YES

Diagnostic laparoscopy, resection of abdominal wall mass

ETT

EMA-EP

Partial response

26

Progressive disease: pubic symphysis metastasis

Hsiue et al., [19] (2017)

54

FTSCS, 23 years

Anterior abdominal cesarean scar mass, 57 × 32 enlarged to diameter 76

Postoperative recurrence: diameter 46 and multiple intestinal metastases

8.36

YES

1. Incisional biopsy

2. Wide excision

3. Resected recurrent left lower abdominal wall tumor and multiple intestinal metastases

ETT

1. Prior to surgery: EMA-EP

2. After the second surgery: ifosfamide, etoposide

1. No response

2. Under follow-up

2

2.6-cm size of peritoneal tumor at anterior pelvic cavity

Our patient

39

FTSCS, 3 years

Anterior abdominal wall cesarean scar mass, fingertip size

< 1.2

YES

1. Wide local excision, twice

2. TAH-BSO

90% ETT + 10% CC

Prior to the first surgery: EP

No response

12

NED

  1. Abbreviations: EMA-CO Etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, EMA-EP Etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin-D, cisplatin, FTCS Full-term cesarean section, FTSCS Full-term second cesarean section, FTVD Full-term vaginal delivery, NED No evidence of disease, PLND Pelvic lymph node dissection, RA Robot-assisted, TAH-BSO Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy