Table 1 Summary of previous reported cases of adult-onset linear cutaneous lupus erythematosus on the forehead [7]
No. | Sex | Age of onset | Duration | Location | Pathological diagnosis | DIF | ANA | Other autoantibodies | Progression to SLE | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 29 y | 3 y | Forehead | CLE | +Granular IgM | – | NA | No | TC, HCQ |
2 | F | 21 y | Few m | Forehead, scalp | LET | NA | 9 y later: +ANA | 9 y later: +anti-dsDNA, +RF | Yes | ILC 9 y later: IC, OC, CTX, HCQ |
3 | M | 49 y | 1 y | Forehead, inner eye angle, right lateral aspect of nose | CCLE | +Band-like IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 | – | NA | No | HCQ |
4 | M | 21 y | 1 y | Forehead, left supraorbital and infraorbital area, left angle of mouth | CLE | + | – | +Anti-SSA, +anti-SSB | No | HCQ, TC, TCI |
5 | M | 33 y | 1 y | Forehead | CCLE, Scl | +Granular IgM | – | -Anti-RNP, -anti-NCS, -anti-dsDNA | No | CQ, TC, TCI |
6 | M | 33 y | 2 m | Forehead, left eyelid, nose | CLE | NA | – | NA | No | HCQ, TC |
7 | F | 24 y | 2 y | Forehead, scalp | LEP | +Granular IgG | +ANA | +Anti-SSA -anti-dsDNA, -anti-ssDNA, -anti-Sm, -anti-SSB | No | OC |
8 | M | 42 y | 1 y | Forehead, right upper eyelid | LET | +Granular IgM, C3 | – | NA | No | OC, HCQ |
9 | F | 24 y | 8 y | Forehead, scalp, left cheek | DLE, Scl | NA | NA | NA | No | OC, CQ, TC, TCI |