Table 1 Summary of cases of isolated testicular or bladder vasculitis from literature search

Persellin and Menke (1992) [3]

29/M

Testis

None

N/A

N/A

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 17 months)

Halim et al. (1994) [4]

71/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis

None (F/u 24 months)

Mukamel et al. (1995) [5]

28/M

Testis

None

N/A

Normal

Necrotizing small vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 27 months)

Mukamel et al. (1995) [5]

35/M

Testis

None

N/A

Normal

Necrotizing vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 36 months)

Kessel et al. (2001) [6]

13.5/M

Testis

None

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 24 months)

Hashiguchi et al. (2001) [7]

37/M

Testis

None

N/A

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 9 months)

Eilber et al. (2001) [8]

43/M

Testis

Fever, myalgia, and hematuria

N/A

Elevated

Necrotizing vasculitis consistent with PAN (cystoscopy normal)

Not reported (F/u unclear)

Fraenkel-Rubin et al. (2002) [9]

26/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 30 months)

Dotan et al. (2003) [10]

32/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 60 months)

Tanuma et al. (2003) [11]

40/M

Testis

None

N/A

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 22 months)

Fleischmann and Studer (2007) [12]

21/M

Testis

None

N/A

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 24 months)

Giannarini et al. (2009) [13]

36/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 60 months)

Atis et al. (2010) [14]

57/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Saito et al. (2013) [15]

78/M

Testis

None

Neg

N/A

Necrotizing vasculitis of epididymis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 12 months)

Lintern et al. (2013) [16]

21/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Not reported (F/u unclear)

Garg and Dawson (2015) [17]

36/M

Testis

None

Neg

N/A

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u 3 months)

Dixit et al. (2017) [18]

84/M

Testis

None

Pos

Elevated

Non-granulomatous medium vessel vasculitis

Not reported (lost to follow-up)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

35/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

31/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

63/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Non-necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

38/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

38/M

Testis

N/A

N/A

N/A

Lymphocytic vasculitis

Not reported (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

31/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

53/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

31/M

Testis

N/A

N/A

N/A

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Not reported (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

23/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

None (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

40/M

Testis

N/A

N/A

N/A

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Not reported (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

34/M

Testis

N/A

N/A

N/A

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis

Not reported (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

27/M

Testis

None

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

20/M^b

Testis

Fever, night sweats

Pos

Elevated

Non-necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis

Prednisone, cyclophosphamide (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

40/M

Testis

Fatigue

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone, MMF (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

28/M

Testis

Fever, myalgia

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone, cyclophosphamide (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

44/M^b

Testis

Fevers, sweats, weight loss

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone, cyclophosphamide (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

38/M^b

Testis

None

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone (F/u unclear)

Brimo et al. (2011) [19]

34/M

Testis

N/A

Neg

Normal

Necrotizing small and medium vessel vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone, cyclophosphamide (F/u unclear)

Pastor-Navarro et al. (2007) [20]

26/M

Testis

None

Neg

N/A

Necrotizing vasculitis consistent with PAN

Steroids (F/u 12 months)

Breuer et al. (2015) [21]

19/M^b

Testis

Erythema nodosum (8 years after initial episode of testicular symptoms)

N/A

Normal

Vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis consistent with PAN

Prednisone, AZA, rituximab (F/u > 8 years)

Bhatia et al. (2018) [22]

52/M

Testis

None

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing vasculitis consistent with PAN

Prednisone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate (F/u 8 months)

Islam et al. (2018) [23]

41/M

Testis

Polyarthritis, weight loss, rash

Neg

N/A

Necrotizing vasculitis of medium and large vessels consistent with PAN

Steroids, methotrexate (F/u unclear)

Fischer et al. (1998) [24]

32/M

Bladder

None

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing vasculitis of the medium-sized arteries consistent with PAN. Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen immunostaining

TURBT, steroids (F/u 18 months)

Fischer et al. (1998) [24]

61/F

Bladder

None

Neg

N/A

Small vessel vasculitis

Steroids, cyclophosphamide (F/u 12 months)

Katz et al. (2005) [25]

59/M

Bladder

Fatigue, sweats, weight loss

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing vasculitis of small and large vessels

Prednisolone (F/u 3 months)

Becker et al. (2008) [26]

53/M

Bladder

None

Neg

Elevated

Necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels

TURBT, prednisone, cyclophosphamide (F/u 1 month)

Kassir et al. (2013) [27]

31/M

Bladder

Fever

N/A

Elevated

Non-granulomatous, small and medium vessel thrombotic vasculitis

TURBT (F/u 9 months)

Fall et al. (2018) [28]

45/M

Bladder

None

Neg

Normal

Fibrinoid degeneration with neutrophil infiltration into vessel walls consistent with vasculitis

TURBT, Prednisone, AZA (F/u 60 months)