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Table 1 Characteristics of cases reported with diverticulum as complication of cervical anterior fixation

From: Successive complications after anterior cervical fixation: pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, fistulization, and cervical spondylitis by Streptococcus milleri – case report and literature review

No.

Author, year [reference]

Sex

Age (yr)

Time elapsed after surgery

Clinical manifestations

Location of cervical intervention and diverticulum

Procedure

Outcome

1

Goffart et al., 1991 [3]

M

44

11 mo

Dysphagia and regurgitation

C6-C7

Hypopharyngeal

Open repair with cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

2

Salam et al., 1994 [4]

F

36

2 yr

Dysphagia

Not specified

Posterior pharyngeal

Endoscopic repair

Recovered

3

Sood et al., 1998 [5]

M

45

13 yr

Odynophagia and dysphagia

C5-C7

Posterior pharyngeal

Open repair and cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

4

Ba et al., 2006 [6]

F

28

NS

Odynophagia, dysphagia, and regurgitation

C5-C6

Posterior pharyngeal

Open repair of the pharyngeal diverticulum with myotomy

Complicated with postoperative neck abscess

Recovered

5

Ba et al., 2006 [6]

M

63

6 mo

Dysphagia, globus sensation, and regurgitation

NS

Posterior esophageal

Open repair and cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

6

Summers et al., 2007 [7]

F

43

2 yr

Odynophagia, fever, weight loss, and neck pain

C4-C7

Pharyngoesophageal

Complicated with retropharyngeal abscess, perforation, and mediastinitis

Death

7

Joanes et al., 2008 [8]

M

31

3 yr

Mild dysphagia

C5-C7

Pharyngoesophageal

Open repair, removal of plate and screws, and esophageal reconstruction

Recovered

8

Reboll Ferrer et al., 2008 [13]

M

35

2 yr

Progressive dysphagia, globus sensation, and regurgitation

C5-C7

Pharyngoesophageal

Open repair with diverticulectomy by left lateral cervicotomy

Recovered

9

Solerio et al., 2008 [15]

M

41

7 yr

Fever, dysphagia, and fistulous orifice

C4-C6

Open repair with sternocleidomastoid muscle flap interposed between the pharyngoesophageal junction and the cervical spine

Recovered

10

Alexander et al., 2008 [14]

F

50

6 yr

Dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis

C5-C7

Hypopharyngeal

Open repair, removal of the hardware, followed of endoscopic staple diverticulotomy

Recovered

11

Allis et al., 2010 [2]

F

56

1 yr

Regurgitation and choking spells

C5-C6

Hypopharyngeal

Open repair, removal of hardware, resection of the diverticulum, pharyngeal repair, and cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

12

Allis et al., 2010 [2]

F

59

2 yr

Progressive dysphagia and regurgitation

C4-C6

Hypopharyngeal

Open repair, diverticulectomy with cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

13

Allis et al., 2010 [2]

F

50

1 yr

Left neck abscess

C5-C7

Hypopharyngeal with neck abscess and pharyngocutaneous fistula

Abscess drainage with conservative management of the diverticulum because size was less than 1 cm

Surveillance

Recovered

14

Tian et al., 2011 [9]

M

31

7 yr

Dysphagia, odynophagia, fever, and weight loss

C4-C5

Pharyngoesophageal

Open repair, removal of plate and screws, and esophageal reconstruction

Recovered

15

Anandaswamy et al., 2012 [1]

M

59

2 yr

Dysphagia, tingling, and weakness in both the upper limbs

C5-C6

Posterior pharyngoesophageal perforation with extrusion of the plate and screw

Open repair with removal of cervical implants

Recovered

16

Almre et al., 2014 [10]

M

53

18 yr

Progressive dysphagia

C6-C7

Pharyngoesophageal

Open repair, removal of plate and screws, and cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

17

Sadrizadeh et al., 2015 [11]

F

46

7 yr

Dysphagia, halitosis, and chest pain

Not specified

Posterior esophageal pseudodiverticulum

Open excision of diverticulum without esophageal repair because of severe fibrosis

Recovered

18

Sadrizadeh et al., 2015 [11]

M

24

2.5 yr

Odynophagia and dysphagia

C5-C6

Posterior pharyngeal pseudodiverticulum

Open repair and cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

19

Park et al., 2016 [12]

F

54

3 yr

Dysphagia and sense of irritation in the neck

C5-C7

Posterior pharyngeal

Open repair with cricopharyngeal myotomy

Recovered

20

Our patient

F

48

4 yr

Dysphagia, halitosis, fever, and immune complex disease

C4-C6

Pharyngoesophageal

Diverticulum fistulization with secondary C6 infectious spondylitis

Cricopharyngeal myotomy and open esophageal repair + 4 mo amoxicillin

Recovered

  1. NS Not specified