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Table 3 Systemic effects of naphthalene exposure

From: Acute intravascular hemolysis due to naphthalene toxicity: a case report

Gastrointestinal effects

 Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Renal effects

 Increased creatinine level, increased serum urea nitrogen level, hematuria, renal tubular acidosis

Respiratory effects

 Congestion, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (noted at 2 ppm)

Neurologic effects

 Confusion, lethargy, vertigo, fasciculations, convulsions, anesthesia, cerebral edema, coma (coma is noted at 0.05 mg/kg body weight per day)

Hepatic effects

 Jaundice, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzyme levels (noted at 0.02 mg/kg per day)

Ocular effects

 Optic atrophy, bilateral cataracts with chronic exposure