Table 2 Reported cases of hypodipsic-hypernatremia with intact arginine vasopressin response
From: Hypodipsic-hypernatremia syndrome in an adult with polycythemia: a case report
Case | Age at diagnosis (years) | Sex | Serum sodium concentration (mmol/L) | Urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) | Hb (g/dL) / Hct (%) | AVP concentration (pg/ml) | Final diagnosis | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conley et al., 1976 [20] | 7 | F | 194 | 1129 | NR | ND | Idiopathic | Water-drinking schedule |
Powell et al., 1983 [12] | 9 | M | 145–165 | > 1000 | −/44.6 | ND | Possible post-viral hypothalamic dysfunction | Diuretics Salt restriction Pitressin (vasopressin) Water-drinking schedule |
Farley et al., 1986 [13] | 17 | M | 181 | 645 | NR | Normal response to saline infusion | Schizophrenia | Treatment of psychosis |
Hammond et al., 1986 [5] | 5 | NR | 150 | 1112–1138 | Reported as normal | 14.2–17.3 (free water-drinking and serum sodium concentration ranging from 149 to 150 mmol/L) | Congenital CMV | Water-drinking schedule |
Assadi et al., 1989 [14] | 6 | F | 187 | 854 | 14.5/43.9 | 25.6 (water deprivation test) | Head injury | Water-drinking schedule |
Franco-Saenz et al., 1989 [23] | 22 | M | 181 | 1295 | −/42.8 | 3.3 pmol/L (normal AVP response: > 3.2 pmol/L when serum osmolality > 302 mOsm/kg) | Hydrocephalus | Intravenous fluids and forced water-drinking |
Phillips and Gabow, 1990 [4] | 34 | M | 165 | 898 | NR | ND | Psychotic depression | Electroconvulsive therapy |
Zünd et al., 1998 [22] | 45 | M | 171 | 700 | NR | 3-fold rise in response to thirst test | Stroke | NR |
Kang et al., 2001 [15] | 25 | M | 168 | 623 | 11.9/35.3 | > 14.16 (1.0–6.7) (water deprivation test) | Brain tumor | Radiotherapy, steroids, thyroxine, water-drinking schedule |
López-Capapé et al., 2004 [16] | 12 | M | 162 | 1230 | NR | 12.8 (2.5% salt load) | Idiopathic | Water-drinking schedule |
Ramthun et al., 2011 [21] | 56 | M | 157 | 1.026 (SG) | NR | NR | Hemorrhagic stroke | Water-drinking schedule |
Mattai, 2011 [17] | 36 | F | 176 | 1172 | NR | NR | Craniopharyngioma or germ cell tumor | Initial treatment with 0.45% saline followed by oral intake |
Sabzghabaei and Rastegar, 2015 [18] | 27 | M | 171 | 840 | NR | ND | Idiopathic | Water-drinking schedule |
Manning et al., 2017 [19] | 56 | M | 181 | 1080 | NR | ND | Psychogenic adipsia | Water-drinking schedule Mirtazapine Clonazepam |
Chothia; this case report | 25 | M | 142–154 | 763–1040 | 17.8–20.2 / 55–69 | ND | Idiopathic | Water-drinking schedule |