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Table 2 Microparticle numbers of antibodies in last portion of cerebrospinal fluid in our patient and six healthy control individuals (four females)

From: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with increased aquaporin-4 microparticles prior to autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid: a case report

Individuals

AQP4

SYT1

H3Cit

CHID1

PS

Our patient

446

299

26

1275

768

Healthy control individuals*

64 ± 50.3

59 ± 12.4

12 ± 2

447 ± 137.3

355 ± 120

  1. *Mean ± SD
  2. ○ AQP4 Aquaporin-4, aquaporin 4-fluorescein isothiocyanate (AQP4-FITC, epitope amino acids 273–291). These data indicate that the regulation of vesicle mobility is an important mechanism to alter the delivery/retraction ratio of AQP4 vesicles to/from the astroglial plasma membrane
  3. ○ SYT1 Synaptotagmin-1 encoded by a gene located on chromosome 12q21.2 is an integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles serving as sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis
  4. ○ H3Cit Antihistone H3 (citrulline R2 + R8 + R17) antibody - chromatin immunoprecipitation grade (ab5103) measures exposed histone H3 (H3cit), derived most likely from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are fibrous networks that protrude from the membrane of activated neutrophils
  5. ○ CHID1 Chitinase domain-containing 1, CHID1-FITC amino acids 286–315, article number LS-C208436-200, is a regulator of the inflammatory response by macrophages
  6. ○ PS Lactadherin (lactadherin-FITC; Haematologic Technologies, Essex Junction, VT, USA) measures the number of phosphatidylserine-exposing particles. An “eat me” signal and a general indicator of apoptosis and immune defense, phosphatidylserine (PS) is used to estimate the overall immune reaction
  7. Methodology of microparticle assays: Microparticles (MPs) were measured on a Gallios flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA). The MP gate was determined using Megamix-plus FSC beads (BioCytex, Marseille, France), which consist of a mix of beads with diameters of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9 μm. The threshold was based on forward scatter, and MPs were defined as particles less than 1.0 μm in size and positive for the specific antibody of aquaporin 4-FITC (AQP4), SYT1-FITC (LSBio Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), antihistone H3, citrulline R2 + R8 + R17 (H3Cit), CHID1-FITC amino acids 286–315, article number LS-C208436-200, and lactadherin-FITC (PS). Results are presented as number of MP events in the MP gate during 45 s of measurement. For details of methodology, see Mobarrez et al. [16]
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Journal of Medical Case Reports

ISSN: 1752-1947