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Table 1 Summary of cases of hepatoma presenting with spinal cord compression

From: Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as spinal cord compression in Native Americans with controlled hepatitis C: two case reports

Case #

Year of publication

Authors

Age (years)

Sex

Race

Underlying liver disease

Activity of disease

Presenting symptom

1

1989

Omura et al. [24]

57

M

Paper from Japan

Not reported

Not reported

Paraplegia

2–17

1992

Lee [12]

26–59

M/F

n/a (paper from Taiwan)

75% (12/16) hepatitis B positive

Not reported

- Pain/weakness in the distribution of thoracic/lumbar spine – 8 cases

- Arm weakness – 2 cases

- Scalp mass – 3 cases

- Right hemicranias – 1 case

- Diplopia – 1 case

- Dysarthria – 1 case

18

1993

Kantharia et al. [25]

45

M

n/a (paper from, Syracuse, NY state)

Hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and alcoholic liver disease with cirrhosis

Not reported

Low back pain

19

1997

Yang et al. [26]

37

M

n/a (paper from Hong Kong)

Hepatitis B

Not reported

Low back pain

20

1997

Yang et al. [26]

47

F

n/a (paper from Hong Kong)

Not reported

Not reported

Low back pain

21

1998

Razana et al. [27]

77

M

Malay (Asian)

Alcoholic with liver cirrhosis

ALT and AST were elevated

Right lower limb weakness and paresthesia

22

1998

Razana et al. [27]

68

M

Malay (Asian)

Not reported

Not reported

Sudden onset of lower extremities paraparesis

23

2003

Po et al. [28]

60

M

n/a (paper from Taiwan)

Hepatitis B and C

Remission

Low back pain

24

2005

Garcia and Castillo [29]

49

M

Not reported

Alcohol abuse,

hepatitis B and C negative

Not reported

Low back pain

25

2006

Doval et al. [30]

55

M

Not reported (paper from China)

Hepatitis B

Remission

Low back pain

26

2006

Doval et al. [30]

70

M

Not reported (paper from China)

Alcoholic, hepatitis B and C negative

Not reported

Chest pain

27

2006

Doval et al. [30]

62

M

Not reported (paper from China)

Nonalcoholic, hepatitis B and C negative

Not reported

Pain in the neck and low back

28

2011

Vargas et al. [31]

50

M

Not reported (paper from USA)

Alcohol abuse, hepatitis B

AST 146 U/L, ALT 84 U/l

Low back pain

29

2014

Nangolo et al. [5]

46

M

Namibian (Africa)

Alcoholic hepatitis and hepatitis B

AST 180 IU/l and ALT 70 IU/l

b/l leg weakness

30

2014

Vallianou et al. [32]

79

M

n/a (paper from Greece)

Hepatitis B (not on medications)

Not mentioned

Upper extremity muscle pain and paresthesia

31

2015

Hwang et al. [4]

61

M

n/a (paper from South Korea)

Hepatitis B

AST 418 U/l ALT 594 U/l

HBV DNA 1890769 copies/mL

Upper extremity weakness and tingling

32

2016

Sangli et al. [14]

49

M

Emigrant from Ghana

Hepatitis B not on medications

ALT and AST WNL

Left lower extremity weakness and numbness

33

2017

Ayyadurai et al. [13]

58

M

n/a (paper from Bronx, USA)

Hepatitis C and alcohol abuse

LFTs WNL

Neck pain

34

2017

Our patient

64

M

Native American

Hepatitis C (treated, no viral load detected)

ALT 505, AST 210, bilirubin 1.5

Lower back pain and numbness

35

2017

Our patient

70

M

Native American

Hepatitis C Ab positive. RNA not detected

ALT 90, AST 104

Upper back pain and numbness of right foot

  1. Ab antibody, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, b/l bilateral, F female, HBV hepatitis B virus, LFTs liver function tests, M male, n/a not available, WNL within normal limits