Fig. 1

Clinical course of our patient with dual chronic hepatitis E and B infection. Upper panel Hepatitis E virus RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction followed by southern Blot analysis (top). Lanes 1–4, hepatitis E virus RNA detected from serum samples obtained from various time-points (arrows). Changes of alanine transaminase (orange circles and line), bilirubin (grey), alpha-fetoprotein (blue), and creatinine (green) along the course are depicted. Positive (solid horizontal bar) status of hepatitis E virus RNA; hepatitis C virus RNA and hepatitis B virus surface antigen are shown. Lower panel Changes of hepatitis B virus DNA along the course. Solid squares, positive hepatitis B virus DNA; green squares, hepatitis B virus DNA undetectable. Time-points to detect the rtM204V mutation are marked by arrows. Bottom, the periods of time when lamivudine or adefovir were given (solid horizontal bars). All serological and molecular virology assays are described in our previous publications [6, 7]. ADV adefovir, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, ALT alanine transaminase, BIL bilirubin, Cr creatinine, GR graft removed, HBsAg hepatitis B virus surface antigen, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, H/D hemodialysis, HEV hepatitis E virus, LAM lamivudine, P positive hybridization control