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Table 1 Preclinical studies using mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of chronic kidney disease [3]

From: Improvement of renal function after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment on chronic renal failure and thoracic spinal cord entrapment: a case report

Disease

Source

Dose

Route

Mechanism of action

Side effects

Diabetic nephropathy

Mice bone marrow

0.5 × 106 cells

Intravenous

Engraftment/direct effect

None

Diabetic nephropathy

Human bone marrow

2 × 106 cells

Intracardiac

Engraftment/direct effect

None

Partial nephrectomy

Rat bone marrow

1 × 106 cells

Intravenous

Paracrine effect

None

Chronic allograft nephropathy

Rat bone marrow

0.5 × 106 cells

Intravenous

Immunomodulatory effect

None

Renal revascularization

Allogeneic swine adipose tissue

10 × 106 cells

Intrarenal

Engraftment/direct effect/paracrine

None

Renal artery stenosis

Autologous swine adipose tissue

10 × 106 cells

Intrarenal

Engraftment/direct effect/paracrine

None