Anatomical compression | Spinal infection (especially in advanced HIV/AIDS) | Other causes |
---|---|---|
Cryptococcus [34] | ||
Spinal hematoma (for example, from trauma) [36] | Cytomegalovirus [37] | Iatrogenic adhesive arachnoiditis [38] |
Intervertebral disk hernia [28] | Epstein-Barr virus [39] | HIV (idiopathic cauda equina syndrome) [14] |
Intrathecal disk fragment [7] | Herpes simplex virus (mainly HSV-2) [19] | Spinal ischemia [40] |
Pathologic spinal fracture (for example, due to osteoporosis or neoplasia) [41] | Treponema pallidum [22] | Â |
Schistosoma [45] | Â | |
Vertebral canal stenosis [46] | Toxoplasma [47] | Â |
 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis [20] |  |
 |  |