Table 1 Essential elements of a nephrology case report

Acute kidney injury:

● Serum creatinine (at presentation and at baseline), estimated glomerular filtration rate

● 24-hour urine output (if able to quantify)

● Urine analysis (especially blood and protein in urine)

● Urine microscopy

● Imaging of kidneys (if available)

● Medication review to evaluate for nephrotoxic medications

Acute glomerulonephritis/nephrotic syndrome:

● Hypertension

● Systemic symptoms/signs (edema, anasarca, arthritis or rash)

● Urine analysis (especially blood and protein in urine)

● Urine microscopy (specifically presence or absence of dysmorphic red blood cells or casts)

● Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (urine protein to creatinine ratio or 24-hour urine protein)

● Kidney biopsy findings

Kidney biopsy:

Light microscopy

● Number of glomeruli obtained in biopsy sample

● Proportion of glomeruli affected

● Description of pathological findings (with hematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid–Schiff staining) and any special staining

Immunofluorescent microscopy

● Type of immunoglobulin and complement evaluated

● Staining pattern (location) and degree (trace to 3+)

Electron microscopy

● Significant findings (helpful if images can be included)

Drug therapies in glomerular disorders:

● Specify details on immunosuppression regimen for induction and maintenance, mode of administration (oral or intravenous), dose and frequency

● Include details on evidence of remission or lack of response

Dialysis therapy:

● State type of dialysis (intermittent hemodialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy or peritoneal dialysis)

● Type of dialysis access

● Dialysis prescription (frequency, duration, composition and volume of dialysate fluid) and any significant machine settings

Electrolyte and acid–base disorder:

● Details of electrolyte disorder at baseline and at presentation

● Appropriate blood and urine tests done to determine cause of electrolyte disorder

● Treatment offered and if this led to correction of the electrolyte disorder

Imaging finding:

● Type of study

● Specialized imaging (with or without contrast) and images of the radiological studies: ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Kidney transplant recipient:

● State reason for kidney failure

● Type of kidney transplant (deceased or living donor)

● Human leukocyte antigen matching

● Timing of transplantation

● Any prior episodes of rejection

● Prescribed immunosuppressants

Kidney stone:

● Presenting symptoms

● Imaging studies

● Study of stone composition

● 24-hour urine studies (if any)

● Treatment offered (urological intervention or stone prophylaxis)