Table 1 Causes of non-traumatic spontaneous splenic rupture
From: Possible infectious causes of spontaneous splenic rupture: a case report
Neoplastic | Infectious | Hematologic | Inflammatory | Iatrogenic | Primary splenic disorder |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- Leukemia | Viral | - Hemophilia | - Acute or chronic | - Heparin/ Warfarin | - Splenic cyst |
- Lymphoma | - Epstein–Barr virus | - Factor XIII deficiency | Pancreatitis | - Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor | - Splenic angiomatosis |
- Polycythemia vera | - Cytomegalovirus | - Protein S deficiency | - Primary amyloidosis | - Thrombolytic therapy | - Splenic peliosis |
- Multiple myeloma | - Human immunodeficiency virus | - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | - Lupus erythematosus | - Dialysis | - Splenic infarctions or venous thrombosis |
- Myelodysplastic disorders | - Hepatitis A/B/C | - Hemolytic anemia | - Rheumatoid arthritis | - Lithotripsy | - Portal hypertension |
- Rubella | - Polyarteritis nodosa | - Congenital malposition (i.e. short splenic pedicle) | |||
- Varicella | - Splenic malignancy | ||||
Bacterial | |||||
- Legionellosis | |||||
- Bartonellosis | |||||
- Infective endocarditis (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Actinomycosis, Pseudomonas among the top causes) | |||||
Other | |||||
- Malaria | |||||
- Syphilis | |||||
- Toxoplasma | |||||