Table 2 Cases of fluid extravasation after hip arthroscopy – intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome treatment and outcomes

Bartlett et al.[3]

Significant abdominal distension

Cardiopulmonary arrest

1. Nonoperative medical management

Despite prolonged asystole, the patient survived without neurologic sequelae

2. An emergent exploratory laparotomy closed primarily

Haupt et al.[4]

Diffuse abdominal pain 4 hours after surgery

1. Body temperature decreased from 36.3° to 34.5°C at the end of the operation

Nonoperative medical management

The irrigation solution was absorbed the next day

2. Concurrent neurologic symptoms, resembling absence seizures occurred

The neurologic symptoms disappeared without treatment

Sharma et al.[5]

Significant abdominal distension

1. Acute hypotensive with a systolic blood pressure of 60–70mmHg

1. Nonoperative medical management

Immediate improvement in the patient’s hemodynamic status

2. Unresponsive

2. Urgent mini-laparotomy and then diagnostic laparotomy

3. Apnoeic

4. Lower extremities appeared cyanotic no pulse could be palpated in either leg

Fowler and Owens[6]

Abdomen extremely distended

1. Elevated bladder pressures (42mmHg)

1. Nonoperative medical management

Asymptomatic in his right hip and groin but is continuing follow-up by a general surgeon for abdominal complaints related to his incision and abdominal compartment syndrome

2. An increased peak inspiratory pressure, thus preventing extubation

2. An emergent exploratory laparotomy. The abdomen was left open, and a wound vacuum was placed.

Verma and Sekiya[7]

Distended and firm abdomen but easily compressible

1. Hypothermia during the surgical procedure

Nonoperative medical management

The irrigation solution was absorbed

2. Right labia was asymmetrically enlarged

Ladner et al.[8]

Abdomen noticeably distended

1. Core body temperature remained above 36.8°C.

Paracentesis – no fluid was obtained. A computed tomography scan after paracentesis showed a copious amount of fluid in the intraperitoneal area and a small amount in the retroperitoneal area

The irrigation solution was absorbed the next day

2. At no time was her respiratory or cardiac function compromised based on clinical examination, blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas values, and electrocardiographic data

Current case

Abdomen extremely distended

1. Acute hypotension with a systolic blood pressure of 60–70mmHg

Paracentesis and percutaneous slow drainage

Immediate improvement in the patient’s hemodynamic status

Abdominal pain

2. Unresponsiveness

3. Shortness of breath