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Table 2 Overview of the literature on pregnancy after Fontan repair

From: Four successful pregnancies in a woman after Fontan palliation: a case report

Authors (reference)

Patients (number)

Completed pregnancies

Miscarriage/abortion

Cardiac complications

Pregnancy complications

Obstetric complications

Neonatal complications

Girod et al. [6]

1

1

–

–

–

PL (1)

PD (1), SGA (1)

Hess et al. [7]

1

1

–

SVT (1)

–

PL (1)

PD (1), ND (1)

Carmona et al. [8]

1

1

–

–

–

–

–

Gerardin et al. [9]

1

1

–

SVT (1), HF (1)

PIH (1)

PL (1), F (1)

PD (1)

Carp et al. [10]

2

2

1/–

AFL/AF (1)

–

CS (1), PROM (1), PPH (1)

PD (2), SGA (1)

Cohen and Mulvein [11]

1

1

–

AFL/AF (1)

–

PROM (1), PL (1)

PD (1), ND (1)

Osmers et al. [12]

1

1

–

–

VAG (1)

CS (1)

PD (1)

Lao et al. [13]

1

1

–

–

VAG (1)

PROM (1), PL (1), PPH (1)

PD (1)

Canobbio et al. [3]

21

15

13/5

SVT (1), HF (1), NYHA↓ (1)

–

CS (11), PROM (1), PL (1)

CHD (1), PD (1)

Grunwald et al. [14]

1

1

–

–

–

PPH (1)

SGA (1)

Hoare and Radford [15]

3

4

5/2

AFL/AF (2), NYHA↓ (1)

–

CS (2), PROM (1), PL (1)

PD (4)

Siu et al. [16]

5

5

–

AFL/AF (2), NYHA↓ (2)

–

–

–

Ito et al. [17]

1

1

–

–

–

CS (1)

SGA (1)

Drenthen et al. [18]

38

4

5/1

AFL/AF (1), NYHA↓ (2)

VAG (1), PIH (1)

CS (3), F (1), PL (1), PROM (1), PPH (1)

PD (2), SGA (2), ND (1)

Overall

78

39

24/8

AFL/AF (7), NYHA↓ (6), SVT (3) HF (2)

VAG (3), PIH (2)

CS (19), PL (8), PROM (6), PPH (4), F (2)

PD (15), SGA (5), ND (3), CHD (1)

  1. AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; CHD, congenital heart disease; CS, caesarean section; F, forceps delivery; HF, heart failure; ND, neonatal death; NYHA↓, New York Heart Association class deterioration; PD, premature delivery; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; PL, premature labor; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage; PROM, premature rupture of membranes; SGA, small for gestational age; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; VAG, vaginal bleeding.