Table 1 Lackmann’s classification of facial bite injuries
From: An unexpected presentation of a traumatic wound on the lower lip: a case report
Type | Clinical findings |
|---|---|
I | Superficial injury without muscle involvement |
IIA | Deep injury with muscle involvement |
IIB | Full thickness injury of the cheek or lip with oral mucosal involvement (through and through wound) |
IIIA | Deep injury with tissue defect (complete avulsion) |
IIIB | Deep avulsive injury exposing nasal and auricular cartilages |
IVA | Deep injury with severed facial nerve and/or parotid duct |
IVB | Deep injury with concomitant bony fracture |