Figure 3From: Aphonia induced by simultaneous bilateral ischemic infarctions of the putamen nuclei: a case report and review of the literature Anatomical pathways between the cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem and vagus nerves innervating the vocal folds. Pathway injury indicated by solid bars; (A) unilateral lesions do not present with vocal fold paralysis, while (B) bilateral lesions present with aphonia. GPe, globus pallidus external; GPi, globus pallidus interna.Back to article page