Table 1 Clinicopathological features in case reports of extracapsular parathyroid hemorrhages
From: Neck emergency due to parathyroid adenoma bleeding: a case report
Author (year) | # | Clinical features | Ca2+ (normal values) | T | Histology (Ø = cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capps R (1934) [2] | 1 | Weakness, sore throat, cervical swelling/ecchymosis, dysphagia, dyspnea | NA | 5 weeks | Adenoma (Ø = 7) |
Berry BE (1974) [3] | 1 | Weakness, retrosternal pain, signs of superior vena caval compression | NA | 1 day | Adenoma (Ø = 5) |
Santos GH (1975) [4] | 1 | Retrosternal pain, dizziness, hypotension, hypercalcemia | NA | 1 day | Adenoma (Ø = 8) |
Jordan FT (1981) [5] | 1 | Anterior cervical pain, swelling and ecchymosis, dysphagia | 13.3 mg/dL | 1 month | Hyperplasia (Ø = 6) |
Roma J (1985) [6] | 1 | Hoarseness, dysphagia, cervical swelling, cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | 3.00 mmol/L | 1 day | Hyperplasia |
Simcic KJ (1989) [7] | 1 | Painful cervical swelling, dysphagia, dyspnea | 4 mmol/L (2.14-2.52) | 2 weeks | Adenoma (Ø = 4.5) |
Massard JL (1989) [8] | 1 | Difficulty swallowing, dysphonia, cervical pain, cervical ecchymosis | 3.15 mmol/L | 10 hours | Adenoma |
Hotes LS (1989) [9] | 1 | Hoarseness, dysphagia, discomfort in the anterior area, ecchymosis | Normal | 3 days | Adenoma |
Alame A (1990) [10] | 1 | Difficulty swallowing, dysphonia, cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | 2.86 mmol/L | 1 day | Adenoma |
Mantion G (1990) [11] | 1 | Dysphagia, dyspnea, ecchymosis | 2.67 mmol/L | 2 days | Adenoma (Ø = 2.5) |
Amano Y (1993) [12] | 1 | Hoarseness, dysphagia, cervical swelling and ecchymosis | Normal | 2 days | Adenoma (Ø = 5.6) |
Korkis AM (1993) [13] | 1 | Hoarseness, dysphagia, cervical swelling and cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | 11.6 mg/dL | 1 day | Adenoma (Ø = 4) |
Jougon J (1994) [14] | 1 | Dysphagia, cervical swelling and cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | 2.9 mmol/L | 1 day | Adenoma (Ø = 3) |
Menegaux F (1997) [15] | 1 | Cervical pain, dysphagia, dyspnea | 2.62 mmol/L | 1 day | Adenoma |
Hellier WPL (1997) [16] | 1 | Dysphagia, dysphasia, cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | Elevated | 1 day | Adenoma |
Ku P (1997) [17] | 1 | Hoarseness, cervical pain and ecchymosis | 3.15 mg/dL | 1 day | Adenoma (Ø = 2) |
Kihara M (2001) [18] | 1 | Painful cervical swelling and cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | Normal | 1 month | Adenoma (Ø = 2) |
Kozlow (2001) [19] | 1 | Dysphagia, odynophagia, cervical swelling | 11.3 mg/dL (8.4-10.2) | 7 days | Adenoma |
Nakajima J (2002) [20] | 1 | Retrosternal pain, cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | Normal | 3 weeks | Adenoma (Ø = 3.5) |
Govindaraj S (2003) [21] | 1 | Hyper-normo-calcemia, right-sided headaches, severe throat pain | 13 mg/dL | 2 weeks | Adenoma |
Taniguchi I (2003) [22] | 1 | Cervical swelling, pain, dysphagia, cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | NA | 1 month | Cyst (Ø = 6) |
Maweja S (2003) [23] | 2 | Painful cervical swelling and cervical-thoracic ecchymosis | 2.57; 2.80 mmol/L | 2 days | Adenoma |
Tonerini M (2004) [24] | 1 | Painful cervical swelling | NA | 1 day | Adenoma |
Akimoto T (2005) [25] | 1 | Left pleural effusion in IPT II at chest X-ray and computed tomography scan | Elevated | 1 day | Hyperplasia |
Devezè A (2006) [1] | 2 | 1. Dysphagia cervical hematoma, hypercalcemia | 2.57 mmol/L | 1 week | 1. Adenoma |
| Â | Â | 2. Latero-cervical pain and ecchymosis | Â | 5 days | 2. Adenoma |
Merant-Boschin I (2009) | 1 | Painful cervical swelling, dysphonia, dyspnea | 3.18 mmol/L (2.10-2.55) | 2 days | Adenoma (Ø = 4.0) |