Table 2 Cases of Epicarditis with Parietal Pericardial Involvement*

1

[5]

83 F

Dyspnea on exertion

JVD, generalized edema, hepatomegaly

Dense, calcified, ossified epicardial thickening

CT: Calcification ring encircling the ventricle

-

2

[4]

25 M

Fever, dyspnea, chest pain

Muffled heart sounds, hepatomegaly

Taught white membrane 7 mm thick

-

Tuberculosis

3

[4]

45 M

Fever, dyspnea

Muffled heart sounds, Kussmaul's sign, hepatomegaly

Taught white membrane 8 mm thick infiltrating into myocardium

-

Tuberculosis

4

[4]

17 F

Fever, orthopnea, chest pain

Muffled heart sounds, hepatomegaly, pedal edema

Taught white membrane 10 mm thick

-

Acute pyogenic infection

5

[4]

21 F

Fever, orthopnea, chest pain

Pericardial rub

Taught white membrane 3 mm thick

-

Probably viral

6

[6]

33 M

Pleuritic chest pain, fever, fatigue

Hepatomegaly, pitting ankle edema

Myocardium bulging through hole in epicardium

TTE: Anterior and posterior pericardial effusion

Coxsackie virus

7

[7]

10 mo M

-

JVD, muffled heart sounds, hepatomegaly

Thickened epicardium

-

Acute Staphylococcus osteomyelitis of left humerus

8

[8]

51 M

Dyspnea, fatigue

JVD, Kussmaul's sign, pedal edema

Thickened with marked fibrosis and hyalinization

TEE: Thickened visceral pericardium

Associated with ASD

9

[9]

13 M

-

JVD, ascites, peripheral edema

Diffusely thickened

-

Staphylococcal sepsis

10

[9]

41 M

-

JVD, ascites, peripheral edema

Diffusely thickened

-

-

11

[9]

36 M

-

JVD, ascites, peripheral edema

Diffusely thickened

-

Tuberculosis

12

[9]

73 F

-

JVD, ascites, peripheral edema

Constrictive sclerosis

-

-

13

[10]

24 M

Dyspnea

Hepatomegaly, JVD, peripheral edema

Thickened and constricting, noted to be densely adherent to myocardium

-

Infectious mononucleosis

14

[11]

53 M

Fatigue

Ascites and pedal edema

Taught, 3 – 5 mm thick

-

-