Computed tomography angiography of liver alveococcosis: a case report

Table 1 PNM system for classification of human alveolar echinococcosis [3]

P	Hepatic localization of the primary lesion
	PX	Primary lesion cannot be assessed
	P0	No detectable liver lesion
	P1	Peripheral lesions without proximal vascular and/or biliary involvement
	P2	Central lesions with proximal vascular and/or biliary involvement of one lobe^a
	P3	Central lesions with hilar vascular and biliary involvement of both lobes and/or with involvement of two hepatic veins
	P4	Any lesion with extension along the portal vein, inferior vena cava, or hepatic arteries and the biliary tree
N	Extra hepatic involvement of neighboring organs or tissues^b
	NX	Cannot be evaluated
	N0	No regional involvement
	N1	Regional involvement of contiguous organs or tissues
M	Absence or presence of distant metastases^c
	MX	Not completely evaluated
	M0	No metastasis
	M1	Metastasis present

^aFor PNM classification, the plane projecting between the bed of the gallbladder and the inferior vena cava divides the liver in two lobes
^bNeighboring organs and tissues include the diaphragm, lungs, pleura, pericardium, heart, gastric and duodenal wall, adrenal glands, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, parietal wall (muscles, skin, bone), pancreas, regional lymph nodes, hepatic ligaments, and kidney
^cDistant metastasis locations include the lungs, distant lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, central nervous system, orbits, bone, skin, muscle, distant peritoneum, and retroperitoneum

ISSN: 1752-1947